So the suicide watch monitoring somehow didn't happen. Not unique to ket or psilo. Not at all.

A corollary of my position is that you should be able to fix a fair bit of depression by providing non-pharmacological access to transcendent experience. The drug is then a (very potent and correspondingly sharp) tool among others.

Everywhere there is huge gatekeeping from these experiences, or from life in general. I definitely agree with people who say that our society is spiritually bankrupt. It isn't that they are missing some essential doctrine or belief or they will be damned, it is that they can't give themselves up to life fully if they have no recognition of the Absolute.

> Reverently contemplating Amida’s directing of virtue for our going forth, I find there is great shinjin [faith]. Great shinjin is the superlative means for attaining longevity and deathlessness. It is the wondrous way to awaken aspiration for the pure and rejection of the defiled. It is the straightforward mind directed to us through the selected Vow. It is shinjin* that actualizes Amida’s profound and vast benefiting of others. It is true mind that is diamondlike and indestructible. It is pure shinjin by which a person easily reaches the Pure Land where no one goes. It is the mind that is single, realized by the person who is grasped and protected by the compassionate light. It is great shinjin, rare and unsurpassed. It is the quick path difficult for people to accept. It is the true cause of attaining great nirvana. It is the white path by which all virtues are fulfilled instantly. It is the ocean of shinjin that is itself suchness or true reality.

Shinran Shonin

> Shin Buddhist practice is not based on belief in an uncertain better future but instead places emphasis on the present moment—a moment made possible by the causes and conditions of the past. Many take for granted the efforts that generations of humans have made, along with the interdependence of all life forms, that contribute to our being here now.

> Reciting Amida’s name is like an alarm clock that says “Wake up!” to the joy of being alive each and every day. Awakening to this rare gift of life, we can accept and endure the wide spectrum of human grief and bliss and become a source of happiness for others.

Buddhist Churches of America

That's very unfortunate, seeing as it's the entire point of religion...

Your experience tracks very closely with my involvement with Roman Catholicism in my childhood and adolescence. It's frustrating beyond words, and has largely put me off from participating in religious institutions.

Thankfully, there are some incredible thinkers who have written books!

My experiences seemed to benefit more from watching David Attenborough and feeling a connection to life.

I’d interpret the dad of a family of mountain lions as an analogue of my dad, etc. Seeing events as taking place in a dissociated context. All that introspection is what I found useful about Ketamine.

Yeah, sounds silly. But it made me a happier person. To my understanding and experience, these function more to temporarily remove neurological filters than really add much new (same with LSD, etc). Maybe that benefit is “subjective,” but what’s the difference to me, years later?

It only sounds silly to our modern sensibilities, which I am increasingly considering regressive on the specific question of "what is a life well-lived".

To a pre-modern society that considers e.g. dreams to be vehicles of important meaning, religiousity to be a good thing in measure, idle time to be a gift and introspection to be one of the major points of existence, it doesn't sound silly at all. It sounds wise.

I'm a scientist by training and an engineer by trade, but as an empiricist, I am forced to admit that my life has gotten better by making room for the irrational, superstitious, obliquely-associative, self-contradictory omginternets to exist. Make of that what you will ;)

Like exercise can make you feel fantastic, these experiences ground you in the reality of existence.

Social media selection bias at play. The real world results are very mixed, but usually don’t result in life changing benefits that you read about in selected stories.

There’s also an unhelpful bias toward purely positive stories on the internet. I had a friend get addicted (yes, addicted) to psychedelics who could not stop acquiring and dosing them on a weekly basis for years. It was a huge problem, but strangely when I mention this story people will rush to argue it, deny it, insist I’m lying, or try to downplay it with the old “psychological addiction isn’t physical addiction” gimmick.

See also: "you're not anxious; you're distracted."

I once attended a talk by a neuroscientist at UCSF, Adam Gazzaley, that really helped me see what the future of medicine could look like if we appreciated the power of experience, and more importantly if we could measure and then alter said experience in a realtime closed-loop system. My takeaway was that one day we might think of blasting our synapses with SSRIs or Adderall similarly to civil war era surgeons...the bone saw does prevent gangrene, but in a such an inefficient way.

If they are different (and exist at all) then such needs to be demonstrated before they can be reliably considered.

Given even proponents of qualia can’t reliably agree with each on what they even are defined as (other than using vague circular reasoning)… frankly, I’m not holding my breath.

No, they are definitely not. I don't see anything in these studies to the effect of "hey, it's the feeling that they feel that's making them better". They're looking for some mysterious mechanism, usually on the cellular or molecular level, whereas "numen" and "transcendence" are not even on the biological level of analysis.

That’s called “the placebo effect” and it’s one of the most studied & controlled for factors in ANY medical testing.

If I'm being pedantic here, it's that I really don't want to downplay the importance of the pharmacological level of analysis. It's a very useful analysis. It's just not a complete theory of life well-lived.

Believe me, I’d be the first to suggest they be considered if we had that. We don’t. It would be great if we did.

Until then it’s not medicine, it’s shamanism.

I’m fine with including other phenomena. As I said in my original comment though: those phenomena need to be demonstrated to exist, first.

Until then it’s absolutely unscientific, and medically unsound, to assume they exist & then hope that they magically work. Because that is not science: that’s quackery.

The “substantial revisions” after 17 years to that paper are—rather weak—responses to objections raised in the 90s and should have been in their 2002 paper. Worse, they’re responses that have their own major objections by 2002 anyhow.

Not sure what your aim was but I guess thank you for underscoring my point rather perfectly?

How does one evaluate if a new drug works vs depression when there isn’t a consistent diagnosis or presentation of the symptoms.

An alternative explanation for this is that if you keep giving people different drugs and different diagnoses eventually they will feel better for unrelated reasons and will assume the current diagnosis/drug combo is what “fixed” them.

The main interesting thing about ketamine was that there were some anecdotes that the effects were very rapid - and that should be at least something to make it easier to assess a change. But maybe harder to separate placebo.

I agree it is interesting that ketamine seems to work very quickly for some people. Re: your placebo comment, I also agree it's hard to separate it out.

One of the tricky things with the placebo effect is that there are really multiple distinct types of placebo effect; on the one hand, you have objective measurable biological changes that placebos can trigger, but on the other hand placebos can also affect peoples' subjective perceptions of the symptoms they're experiencing.

In the case of depression though, the subjective perception of misery is the core problem we're trying to fix. Hence why treatments that have no biological effect (like, e.g., therapy) are still considered valid approaches. So, then the question is, does it matter whether ketamine is just a placebo? Maybe all antidepressants are placebos, in which case the important thing is to find the safest, most effective, fastest-acting placebo we can.

Really though I do kind of think peoples' subjective experiences matters in a more concrete way than folks give credit for. Even though it's not directly modifying your brain chemistry, I wouldn't call therapy a placebo, for example. Maybe sometimes medications help people because beliefs like "someone is trying to help me" or "I've found an explanation for why I feel bad and there's a treatment for it" actually help people break out of their self-destructive patterns, regardless of the actual efficacy of the meds. It's more questionable though whether those beliefs actually help with long-term root-cause fixes though, or if they just trap people in a local maxima.

I couldn't agree more, you've made really great points that allowed me to reflect on my own approach to my mental wellbeing. I honestly needed to see this comment right now. Thank you!

If you want me to really tickle your noodle, consider that a lot of modern-day issues stem from a quest for transcendence in a society that has largely dismantled the institutions capable of delivering it. In particular, I am of the (somewhat provocative) opinion that things like radical Islamic terrorism, fringe climate activism, and the more virulent brands of third-wave feminism are all, at their core, performative quests for such transcendence.

But that's all secondary to the fact that I am glad my comment is helpful to you on a personal level :)

Interesting thought. If you have a blog, I'd like to read more.

That sounds like a middlebrow dismissal of what these groups are. I think you can describe them with more tangible psychological/philosophical motivations which I don't find useful to describe as "transcendence" e.g.

- belonging : the appeal of the gang, the cult is to find acceptance, your tribe, your family. If life has thrown you to the curb and vulnerable, such organisations will take you in.

- guru syndrome : the search for a paternal figure to structure and make sense of the world, to surrender to, to love, to give devotion, to follow, no matter the path

- meaning : a thirst, an existential emptiness, a desperation for life to have a purpose, any purpose

- rationality : extreme groups are often fighting a real injustice and the tactics often have reasoned philosophical basis - we may not like them, may consider them immoral, but they are often more deeply thoughtful than who they fight

- emotion : the injustices are often personally experienced by their adherents, they are angry, they may seek not just redress but revenge, it's a cause which attracts them as a moth to a flame

- stimulation : the dreary day to day, the monotony vs. the thrill of action, the fight or in some cases straight-up sociopathic indulgence

People are giving themselves to higher-order causes beyond material comfort. They are organizing around rituals of belonging, gurus, directly seeking meaning, applying rational thinking towards advancing their values, experiencing deep personal emotion around systemic or cosmic injustices, and deriving a sense of elevation among "the dreary day to day".

I think we all do. Certainly, I struggle with that as well. I think this is an inherent property of undecidable questions (contrary to most well-formed scientific theories, which are valuable precisely because they can distinguish themselves from hopeful thinking).

Here's something to consider: some kind of hopeful thinking may be a fundamental psychological need. When I saw the title of this HN post, I had thought that perhaps this was the question that ketamine researchers were considering, but alas not.

It feels like a slightly abstract application of “it’s the journey not the destination.”

>Tout le monde veut être libre

>Personne veut être seul

>Pas d'ordre à donner ou à recevoir

>Personne à faire rêver ou à décevoir

>Ne rien n'attendre des autres, pas d'espoir...

This is confirmed by the linked study (which shows that placebo-ketamine is also very effective).

This view ignores the major application of these substances. Ketamine-induced self-therapy is accessible instantly and acts as a major reset. When you are experiencing long-term depression and/or anxiety, the advice to "just meditate" or do deep introspection is wildly counter-productive. Depressive state is very frequently accompanied by an unhealthy focus on the internal voice and on over-analyzing own life/motivations/purpose/etc. Having an "introspection session" in this state is a borderline dangerous advice.

There are corresponding risks to this, of course, but that just the flip side of their utility as a (sharp) tool.

Yes I might actually enjoy having countless shards of the universe's ideas slicing through my ego for a few hours at night over the weekend; no I never want that to experience that during a workday.

Not just overrated, but most likely the core of the problem. It displaces so much and returns so little.

I'm not sure what your point is, beyond perhaps "don't do drugs all the time?" If that's it, I don't think anyone here would object.

Here's one showing a mechanism ketamine and antidepressants both act on:

https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/how-antidepressant...

Depression seems to have more than once cause.

I thought the same thing when reading the article, but then I started to wonder how the fuck would you double blind that?

[0] Mostly. Part of it falls under Dennett's notion of an intentional stance, but that requires us to take self-report seriously, and so precludes a number of experimental designs.

People are able to acquire knowledge in ways besides randomized, controlled, double-blind trials. Nearly all knowledge is acquired in some other way. I say this as someone who writes A/B testing software for a living.

Which brings us to the second most famous statement in all of modern philosophy: Nietzsche's "God is dead." The year was 1882. (The book was Die Frohliche Wissenschaft [ The Gay Science ].) Nietzsche said this was not a declaration of atheism, although he was in fact an atheist, but simply the news of an event. He called the death of God a "tremendous event," the greatest event of modern history. The news was that educated people no longer believed in God, as a result of the rise of rationalism and scientific thought, including Darwinism, over the preceding 250 years. But before you atheists run up your flags of triumph, he said, think of the implications. "The story I have to tell," wrote Nietzsche, "is the history of the next two centuries." He predicted (in Ecce Homo ) that the twentieth century would be a century of "wars such as have never happened on earth," wars catastrophic beyond all imagining. And why? Because human beings would no longer have a god to turn to, to absolve them of their guilt; but they would still be racked by guilt, since guilt is an impulse instilled in children when they are very young, before the age of reason. As a result, people would loathe not only one another but themselves. The blind and reassuring faith they formerly poured into their belief in God, said Nietzsche, they would now pour into a belief in barbaric nationalistic brotherhoods: "If the doctrines...of the lack of any cardinal distinction between man and animal, doctrines I consider true but deadly"--he says in an allusion to Darwinism in Untimely Meditations --"are hurled into the people for another generation...then nobody should be surprised when...brotherhoods with the aim of the robbery and exploitation of the non-brothers...will appear in the arena of the future...

Nietzsche said that mankind would limp on through the twentieth century "on the mere pittance" of the old decaying God-based moral codes. But then, in the twenty-first, would come a period more dreadful than the great wars, a time of "the total eclipse of all values" (in The Will to Power ). This would also be a frantic period of "revaluation," in which people would try to find new systems of values to replace the osteoporotic skeletons of the old. But you will fail, he warned, because you cannot believe in moral codes without simultaneously believing in a god who points at you with his fearsome forefinger and says "Thou shalt" or "Thou shalt not."

The post is irresponsible. No one should be thinking that some sort of "transcendence" will solve their issue, or that is what their problem is.

Always discuss treatment with a psychiatrist.

If you're depressed because you have a chemical imbalance then you're a great candidate for SSRIs and the like. Serotonin? In this economy?

If you're depressed because your life is miserable in some fashion then there's a lot of potential options but this sounds like what you're talking about with K as one treatment.

If you're depressed, you don't respond to SSRIs and "my life is good, why am I still like this?" describes you I think the parent is saying that transcendence is potentially one treatment for this.

Ketamine dosed at levels used in a lot of the original depression studies won’t result in anything resembling a “trip”. Many of the more responsible clinics will carefully administer IV ketamine infusions over 40 minute (IIRC) spans at levels that only result in a little dizziness.

The association between ketamine depression therapy and “tripping” is a more recent development, pushed partially by clinics and influencers seizing on the trend in the most dramatic way possible. Some of the clinics will now dose people with excessively high doses with the goal of inducing trips and overt experiences, even though this isn’t supported by the literature.

I’m actually growing concerned that the pop-culture obsession with tripping and the over zealousness of ketamine providers is going to result in regulatory crackdown on the whole process.

A few months ago I was discussing the topic with a psychiatrist friend. She had tried prescribing ketamine for several patients, optimistically. However, a number of them complained that it wasn’t enough because they weren’t having full on hallucinations like they had read about online or in books. Several of them also started trying to demand higher and very early refills, despite her explaining up front that she was only willing to follow the dosing protocols used in studies.

The "standard" pathways for most substances is to build a tolerance to it (and similar compounds) over time of use. If you drink coffee a lot you don't get hyped by the same dose of caffeine, if you drink lots of alcohol it's harder to get you drunk, etc.

So if anything I'd expect "veterans" to be less sensitive to it. But there are substances that permanently reduce your tolerance to them, usually by causing some form of permanent damage, so it's possible that you might "break" something limiting your experience.

Depends on the dose. If you poison yourself with caffeine later you can get very sensitive to even small amounts of it.

Its such a dellusion that humanity has been "pure" at any point in time. Drug prohition, and all its tenticles, is a political tool of mass control. Nothing more, nothing less. Today we are seeing the reemergance of the teachings that have been passed down for generations by tribes around the world as this viel is lifted.

So please, this is not a trend. Its a rediscovery of aincent knowledge. I appreciate that low dose is how this remergence started, but there its not a cureall, and its not the only way this sustance provides benifits. 20 years ago, these same people were trapped to tables, eletroshocked until they became cataonic. Heroic doeses have their place in therapy.

But some people might be more comfortable saying there's a fundamental need for tripping than saying there's a fundamental need for religion (which usually encompasses transcending death and deep meanings for life).

This is hugely beneficial, until it isn't. Having the ability to utilize multiple lenses to see things in a different perspective allows us to unrecognize the threats from our most used perspective.

The over recognition of threats, particularly those you can't control, plays a major role in depression (rage) and anxiety.

Everyone has a default perspective but getting deeply involved in anything can allow us to gain additional perspectives.

Religion provides an alternate perspective. E.g it is the will of Allah, Jesus died to save me, ending any suffering ends all suffering, etc.

With that when you look at things you can apply those perspective filters and see things differently.

Deep interests are filters as well. An example that is a personal anecdote is when I became involved in woodworking and construction I look at houses and "see" how they were built, I see the components, the connections etc, I see trees as board feet and just intrinsically visualize their milling.

It happens with other things as well and it can bring anxieties too, I'm far more concerned that some buildings are going to collapse at random after I have been involved in construction.

Religion can of course add anxieties.

Any new perspective can. Having a new perspective / different way of thinking, on a physical level is a rewiring of connections in the brain. The perspective can become reflexive, mental muscle memory.

The activity of drugs is to induce this rewiring effect. Changing the actual way the brain works by binding to receptors and forcing new connections or reroutes.

Historically people would play many roles, typically changing with the seasons, each which offered a different focal perspective.

As well they would have a deep guided religious experience, use perspective changing drugs and have a strong notion of either self or community which offered further perspectives.

Today many people follow the same path and pattern far too frequently. Affording very limited development of alternative perspective. This leads to a much more developed recognition of negatives due to lack of diversified perspectives.

What else could happen though, it's often, daycare for 3 years, school for 12/16+ then work for 30-40 years. Perhaps there's a year or even just a couple summers of exploratory travel, then we're relegated to a few weeks of vacation and commercialized cultural holidays.

I would like to chime in a thought about the choice of words... I think that we might be doing us a disservice when reducing the whole discussion down to "trip" or "no trip". Some patients have mild sensory experiences from the treatment, some have unpleasant dissociative-ish experiences, some done feel much at all. My belief is that the subjective experience, or the phenomenology of the treatment, is of importance even if the experience is far from a "trip". My patient who thus far has had the most convincing response did not "trip", but described a calm feeling of "everything will be alright" during the treatment - a response that none of 20-ish drugs or ECT had given.

I'm not sure if I remember correctly but I think I've read ketamine makes neurons groe new dendrites in petri dish. I have no idea how this effect could happen in the brain without making a patient trip.

I interpret you as saying that unless there is a "trip" there is only a placebo effect left on the table so to speak. I think this is somewhat refuted by the fact that the standard ketamine infusion protocol (that does not normaly induce "trips") has an effect size that dwarfs the effect size of placebo (say 0.2 - 0.4). Some studies have shown ketamine approaching ECT-effect sizes. This makes me sound like a ketamine nut, which I am not. I am a bit of an ECT nut though. I have just not excluded the fact that the phenomenology of certain treatments actually mediate the treatment effects in a non-placebo way.

At least it is what authors of this study consider.

Also consider the difference between high and low doses of alcohol: just because having 1 beer won't make you blind drunk doesn't mean that the effect is a placebo.

I do not have experiences with psychedelics, but I do have quite some mileage with meditation, in particular approaches that aim at shifting the "way of looking". Those practices can lead to experiences that lead to profound shifts in the usual day-to-day way of looking at the world, but the experiences themselves are more subtle than what I expect a full blown trip to feel like. So I can totally picture that the experience, even if just subtle, can be a big part of the transformation.

I only say all of this to ask: Is there a scientific or medical definition for a trip? Is the medical community still trying to decide what constitutes a trip, or is that well defined?

In this way, your psychiatrist friend is simply the next iteration of a priest, and the portrayal of her patients as greedy fools only furthers this divide and pushes ever more people towards the other side of the law. I'll see you in _my_ cow field with a woven basket!

_edit_: think of it this way. An internal urge drives people to your friend in search of a meaningful experience. Your friend consults her good book and returns to them with information: no, you cannot have your meaningful experience.

And anyways, your statements ignore that there's plenty of hippies on Instagram peddling their mushrooms and Ayahuasca in intense spiritual experiences for only 1500$ a pop. Does the Catholic church control them too?

Somehow you turned someone's subjective spiritual exploration into them limiting themselves...

Dostoevsky made observations like this, too.

"It was not you who ate the idea, but the idea that ate you"

"Men need to bow down to something; whether another man or an idea.”

I think Ernest Becker explored similar ideas in The Denial of Death, though through a different context.

The customer is not always right. Just because the customer wants something or believes something doesn’t make it true.

This really isn’t about being a lawful authority trying to buzz-kill society as much as it is about having principles as a doctor.

If I had someone coming into my IT department saying they heard that dipping their laptop in maple syrup would speed up their processor, and to please proceed to dip their computer in maple syrup, my noncompliance doesn’t make me a gatekeeper like the medieval catholic priests.

What I broadly mean is that modern society has done a relatively poor job at helping to produce integrated humans that have the capacity, tools, and know-how to navigate their inner journey. I know this sounds woo to a lot of people here. That the new wave of psychedelic interest is reified as purely medical treatment is a continuation of this trend. That is what I'm trying to articulate.

I have a deep suspicion that you can't simply sterilise the transformation at the heart of these experiences.

When people tell me about their psychedelic trips, I am like, so? I’ve been doing it my whole life without drugs!

However, my tendency to go on these trips are highly affected by environmental variables. So the only thing I would add is, it’s a mix between the spiritual and the material And we cannot negate either.

So all these therapist and psychiatrist trying to cure me are taking the wrong tact. What I learned is I needed to understand it, and understanding it alone is the cure.

Not to mention, the language you use is really cruel.

Pop culture "obsession" may have been useful for overcoming blanket bans on research, funding, etc. It was obsession that created these bans in the first place, and obsession that triggered them.

Now obsession it's interfering with science and (especially) science communication.

Meanwhile, parent comment (the "trip" is the active substance) is a hypothesis... on the face of it. A reasonable hypothesis that needs to be considered, and if possible tested.

There's probably no getting around obsession here. This is literally the namesake "culture war," dating to 60s counterculture.

Or, I could have just as well answered "both, but medicine is ignoring one".

- conceptual layer failure => asylum

- neurobio layer failure => life support

It certainly FELT to be a property of the transcendent experience and not a biological side effect of the substance.

Being blasted out into the infinite space of all possible chaotic realities but being able to successfully "crawl back" to THIS reality as an oasis / point of stability was a life changing experience. Although it was what you'd otherwise describe as a "bad trip", it flipped a switch in my brain from "existence is pointless" to "existence is a miracle."

Haven't felt existential dread since.

And you don’t need to mountaineer

And also trips. From my own experience I’d say they changed me profoundly. But I’d rather be cold, hungry and tired now thanks:)

Psylocybin was by far the most intense experience in my life (and I've been to both births of my kids and cut both umbilical cords, that was intense), all of those few times I tried it, some 15 years ago. Had a standard dose in dried form that I grew myself from growkit from Amsterdam, but mixed with raw lemon juice, which based on some erowid reports dramatically increase intensity while making trip shorter. I'd say its actually a cheat - you get some of the effects of efforts that others take years or decades to achieve, ie via meditation. But effects can be random (ie based on your personality and unresolved issues), both good and bad. And you get absolutely 0 of 'character building' which happens only if you face actual obstacles in life and overcome them with your inner strength, or via sustained focused effort on some goal.

I can attest that instead of rather mild 6 hour experience (1 dose on non-empty stomach of almost 100kg male isn't that much), with lemon I've had maybe 2.5h absolutely brutal trip of dissolution of myself, ego, senses and everything else into mist of atoms, swirling in background music like hot steam droplets in wet sauna. I was laying in the bed, alone, with nice shamanic music in the background, eyes closed. Coming down back to reality one nanometer at a time, rediscovering my senses, body etc was very very interesting and pure happiness-inducing. Then afterwards an absolutely brutal headache, literally feeling I've burned every last energy molecule with that expanded mind, and now whole brain is spasming. Still worth it.

Whether it rewired something in my brain or changed something I cannot say, I didn't have any previous issues (and TBH if you have ones, stay the fuck away from these powerful substances, the chances that they will mess you up for long/forever are non-trivial. Rather work with the issues sober and come to this afterwards, or in future hopefully this can be done with professional supervision).

Mountaineering or generally coming close to death and overcoming the fear of it on the other hand is something you do sober, you can do every weekend without your friendly neighborhood drug dealer, and it just improves your health and happiness (not so much during the adventure if its intense, but definitely afterwards). I'd say proper climbing is distilled essence of mountaineering - just focus on scary parts, where you battle with your mind which just wants to give up dangerous stuff and go home. You can't reach the top if you can't conquer your fears. Now do it a hundred times during 1 evening, once of even few times a week. I've come close to death a few times, but those experiences don't have immediate massive effect, rather they are being incorporated one 'atom' at a time into your personality.

I'd say both leave lasting effects, but how do you want to measure subtle gradual changes in one's personality. Haven't touched mushrooms for 15 years, never had a bad trip but I feel they gave me what they could, and continuing is just about getting wonderfully wasted. For father of 2 amazing small kids this is absolutely useless, a bit of weed here and there is enough for me to process anything these days.

I always took the mechanism to be community, that sort of thing. I guess if you're right we'd expect Pentacostals to be protected more than Lutherans, etc.? Do we have any idea what data is out there that might be able to disentangle this sort of question?

I notice that many transformational psychedelics stories involve some form of previous traumatic experience.

Perhaps being able to keep a perspective on hope and of hope for long enough is part of the shift, assisted by ingestion or not.

Placebo as science is learning is relative. The body does literally change based on thought.

A recent Huberman podcast literally stated the brain itself is a pharmacy and creates certain substances as triggered. Not implying it’s the same for everyone, but interesting nonetheless.

If ketamine/shrooms push and hold a different perspective for long enough that it is difficult to unsee, unfeel or unexperience, that’s kind of interesting for sure .

So, naturally when westerns come and want to isolate compounds and get rid of the ceremonial background because it’s “unscientific”, the only possible reaction is to put one’s hand in the face and think “here we go again, THIS too will be colonized.”

This world has far many more dimensions than what modern science is able to address. And many of these plants/compounds open access to these dimensions. It’s really important I think that we have the humility to learn from the people who have worked with these medicines for a very long time.

Context: I have apprenticed and studied very closely under various traditional lineages for the past few years.

Otherwise, I write about the relationship between technology and spirituality here: https://louison.substack.com/

You may also get more information about traditional indigenous ceremonies/sorcery reading Carlos Castaneda, Ruiz or looking for other books in that category.

Are you claiming that there is a soul? Because I thought that the brain was made of matter and as mechanistic as anything else.

I've seen the results ketamine can give first hand, and the dangers of it, but I'm more convinced it may just be getting proper sleep given the connection between sleep apnea and depression.

I would bet that if they engineer a version that does not cause psychosis it will work just as well for the population it does work on. And we should not be quick to dismiss psychosis, it's a major risk factor for violence, something I have also seen first hand.

But it is true that ketamine can cure depression, at least for a time. It's effectiveness is not something you merely guess at like most meds, if it's working, it seems to simply get rid of the depression outright.

So... definite potential and definite danger, though I think the trips are likely harmful, rather than being the benefit of it.

I remember the first time I ever tried a benzodiazepine. I then realized I am anxious most times, that that default state is not ""normal" and that you can actually change it. And for brief periods of times I was able to re-create the effects of it at will. Also just having a xanax pill in my wallet cured my panic attacks.

My hypothesis is that even "temporary" positive psychological experiences can have profound effects on the brain, show it there is a better state and in certain conditions the brain will figure a path.

I don't know when I learnt to move my ears, twist my tongue sideways or when I self learnt "voluntary tubal opening", but without going into mumbo-jumbo, I think there's a lot more we can control about our brains and bodies than we think.

As a materialist I think it's absurd. But I think that trip is sure sign that the substance actually does something to neurons. And in case of some substances like drugs if you reduce dosage or adjust protocol so that trip doesn't happen means that you also got rid of any significant effect it might have on the brain.

In my opinion saying that experience of the trip healed me is a bit like saying that my experiencing of reduced immobility of walking in a cast made by bones fuse together and heal, mind is so powerful.

We agree. My point is that the evidence seems to be going in the direction of:

1. removing transcendence removes part of the benefit; and,

2. to complicate matters, many protocols fail to properly control for transcendent experience because a lot of control groups are placed in a quiet room, free of distraction, and invited to ponder life.

We're both materialists. Mine is a materialist position.

I'm not quite sure about you because you are using words like transcendence. ;-) In my view the deep experience of the trip, what you call transcendence, is just another hallucination, just hallucination of meaning and understanding instead of simple images, sounds or sensations.

But there are a lot of different ways to do the healing (e.g. consistent meditation as others mentioned) which will of course be coupled to different feelings/experiences. The "large psychedelic dose" method is just one end of the "works fast + feels strongly" spectrum. Of course as the science/technology develops we will find other points on the spectrum that balance the properties differently -- maybe even through placebo effect alone as suggested here.

it's like fixing the way you drive your car

It's bizarre that people would think any different of it?

It's like therapy on steroids.

It's an equivalent of scientist saying that eating an invoice for therapy doesn't get you "cured". Doh?

I suppose that the reason people might object to such idea is that they are implicitly committed to a form of positivism and they sense that if people can experience evaluations then the fact/value distinction is undermined. Therefore I think that while it is understandable what you mean when you use the term "rationality" as equated with positivism it would be good for the long term debate to separate those two, since I take it that people like us would like to have it both: science and a form of atheistic mysticism [0].

Ultimately the grand-father of rationality, Plato, was anything but a positivist.

[0] I use the term mysticism mostly because I lack any better term. Evaluative intuitionism is probably the most correct technical term but it has historical roots which I dislike because it was constructed around the single intuition of what is Good, and I believe that we need a wider range of evaluative terms to adequately describe our experiences.

Bleak utilitarianism is why so many reject applying themselves to a deeper understanding of the world, willfully ignorant in a way to manufacture wonder via a lack of comprehension.

It starts early, with the sexist trope of Eve plucking an Apple from the tree of knowledge and getting us kicked out of the garden eden. Bullshit.

I agree with the OP, the trip is the point. Travel, see the universe.

Based on observations of the Rationalist community over the years, I would say that it is possible as a rationalist, but not as a Rationalist, in that they tend to believe our knowledge of reality is limited to that which is endorsed by science.

This speaks to me for sure...

Ever since I was little, I've had trouble identifying with humanity. Even though I was born into this body, I never really identified with it, never really felt like that was "me".

I wanted fantasy instead, I wanted to be a creature instead, something with fur and paws and a tail. It's gone far enough that I have DID and multiple such creatures live in my head with me.

But I can't have it. I don't hallucinate. I don't even dream of creatures, not even daydreams. I only dream of humans. I only dream of reality. My dreams aren't an escape from anything, they are just more of the same. My imagination isn't an escape from anything, because it's not real. It doesn't look real, it doesn't feel real. It's just a tease.

And this hurts. There is some sort of deep, existential pain that I feel whenever I am reminded of this. "Species dysphoria". If anyone had trouble understanding gender dysphoria before, boy do I have a concept for you.

I don't know what is wrong with me. I don't know what caused me to dissociate from the body. It's supposed to be my body, it's supposed to be one with me, it's supposed to be me. I'm supposed to be comfortable in it, and it's supposed to be under my control. But it's not. It's not me, it's not comfortable, and it's not under my control.

I blame some of it on autism and ADHD. Being autistic deprives me of control over the body, and ADHD deprives me of the ability to override that. But I also blame it on the lack of proper fantasy in my dreams. I think, that because my dreams have never truly been an escape from anything... that I'm missing something that I'm not supposed to be missing. In other words... "transcendent experience as a fundamental psychological need". And I haven't had any. I am incapable of it.

I've tried writing stories. I've tried roleplaying. I've tried to make myself more comfortable in the body, through actual physical comfort, or from expression of this "otherkin" identity. But nothing seems to help. Nothing actually feels like it means anything. I'm just not getting it.

I just feel trapped. Trapped in this body. Trapped in this reality. I don't know what to do about it. I don't know what I can do about it. I've tried LSD, tried ketamine. I like LSD, and still use it somewhat regularly. But it still doesn't do what I want, or what I need. It's a recreational activity for me, but it doesn't seem to help with anything deep inside.

Stimulants like dexedrine used to help, but every time I try them after a couple months' break, they either barely help at all, or they help for a few weeks and then my tolerance skyrockets.

The depression is the lack of any hope that this will ever change. The depression is this deep discomfort with myself, my body, my life... and the fear that it will be this way forever. That I will never get what I am seeking, and that I will never be able to fix what is broken inside, either.

I've talked to doctors about this, I've talked to therapists about this. I'm getting a neuropsychological evaluation in a few months. I'm trying to help myself, I just don't know if there is anything left to try. The best I can do is get recognized.

Any thoughts or suggestions would be appreciated, of course.

See the notion that suicide is illegal/bad.

Also most old people I know are religios and still are depressed.

Religion overall has very little effect on people. How many are religios and still break all rules. Alone hating on other people, being racists etc.

Religion is community at its heart.. but maybe we need an abstract idea of god to foster that community.

> Importantly, this tracks with what we know about the protective effects of things like religiosity against depression. As such, the qualitative experience of the drug might not be something we can (or should) do away with. I would even go as far as suggesting that an absence of transcendence in one's life is precisely what causes a large segment of people to become depressed in the first place, and that perhaps drugs are helpful only insofar as they produce a transcendent experience.

Fantastic point and so well written. As someone who experimented in my late teens/early 20s, I wholeheartedly agree with this. The experience changed me in a positive way and has helped make me who I am today.