No, they are definitely not. I don't see anything in these studies to the effect of "hey, it's the feeling that they feel that's making them better". They're looking for some mysterious mechanism, usually on the cellular or molecular level, whereas "numen" and "transcendence" are not even on the biological level of analysis.
That’s called “the placebo effect” and it’s one of the most studied & controlled for factors in ANY medical testing.
If I'm being pedantic here, it's that I really don't want to downplay the importance of the pharmacological level of analysis. It's a very useful analysis. It's just not a complete theory of life well-lived.
Believe me, I’d be the first to suggest they be considered if we had that. We don’t. It would be great if we did.
Until then it’s not medicine, it’s shamanism.
I’m fine with including other phenomena. As I said in my original comment though: those phenomena need to be demonstrated to exist, first.
Until then it’s absolutely unscientific, and medically unsound, to assume they exist & then hope that they magically work. Because that is not science: that’s quackery.
The “substantial revisions” after 17 years to that paper are—rather weak—responses to objections raised in the 90s and should have been in their 2002 paper. Worse, they’re responses that have their own major objections by 2002 anyhow.
Not sure what your aim was but I guess thank you for underscoring my point rather perfectly?
If they are different (and exist at all) then such needs to be demonstrated before they can be reliably considered.
Given even proponents of qualia can’t reliably agree with each on what they even are defined as (other than using vague circular reasoning)… frankly, I’m not holding my breath.