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Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @06:35PM (#33588536)
Wow, this article is a mess. Yes, registering a UG or GmbH is more complicated than Ltd (I’ve done all three) but the process can be basically narrowed down to:

1. Notary. 2. Bank account. 3. Steuerberater takes over from here.

My UG took days to be registered, GmbH took 5 months due to international founders.

If he doesn’t know what a notary is, well, here’s a good British source he could find using Google: https://www.thenotariessociety.org.uk/pages/what-is-a-notary.

Regarding the language. The only thing you’re going to hear as a response to that entitlement: “this is Germany, we do this the German way”. I’m not German, just fyi…

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by csomar on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:14PM (#33588780)
> Regarding the language. The only thing you’re going to hear as a response to that entitlement: “this is Germany, we do this the German way”. I’m not German, just fyi… you know, when I arrived in the UK in 2006, I didn’t expect that everyone will explain to me things in Polish. I actually had to learn the language.

I think his point is, English is the lingua-franca of the internet and international business. If you are looking to accept international founders, investors and money, maybe it's a good idea to add EN i18n.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by sdfhbdf on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:26PM (#33588871)
> maybe it's a good idea to add EN i18n.

Unless you’re looking for a country to change it’s official language to English I think this is a wrong direction. The law is in German, it’s interpreted in German, if there’s some misunderstanding or a mistake in filings it will be heard in court in German. It’s better to set expectations early. All legal processes are held in country’s native language. It is better to NOT provide “official” i18n of the process of starting the company, which unless you’re then willing to support the whole process in this foreign language. How do you also then make sure that the English translation is fully legally equivalent to the German version?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by deepsun on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:48PM (#33588987)
I agree, however Estonia does provide EN option to boost their venture economy.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by ricardobayes on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:32AM (#33591491)
Irish company tax is lower than Estonia and the process equally simple. Estonia, like Portugal, does one thing very right and its PR. But once you scratch the surface there are much better options out there to have a company or to live in.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by germandiago on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:54AM (#33591625)
I am genuinely interested in good places to live where:

- it is not cold, if possible - the tax rate is low (even if I have to pay services later myself but with my own choice) - the hospitals and school system are good, even if private - it is not difficult/expensive to open a business

I am all ears :)

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by mchaver on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:01AM (#33592003)
A few ideas:

Singapore: probably meets all of your requirements. Low tax, easy to open a business, lots of private schools. No idea how to rate the hospitals, it has a couple in the best hospital lists in the world, but I don't trust those. Drawback is everything is expensive.

Andorra: not cold for Northern European standards. Low tax, a couple of international schools, private medicine, you should be able to access the private medical system in Spain. A few inconveniences are no train, no airport (closest are Barcelona and Toulouse), custom inspections into France or Spain, generally isolated feeling and tourist centered feeling.

Portugal: Warm and friendly people with good food. I don't know anything about the schools or medical system. Bureaucracy probably isn't great. Low tax for a couple of years. Unfortunately local citizens do not benefit it so a foreigner taking advantage of it is likely displacing a local. Feels very unfair.

Puerto Rico: not cold, no US federal taxes. If you are a US citizen and non-resident and move there, there are some other tax benefits, but people who were already residents can't take advantage of it. Lots of infrastructure problems.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by germandiago on Monday November 14, 2022 @10:24AM (#33595303)
Yes, I am currently in Vietnam and was thinking of making the move to Singapore. I worked there before. I do not think the food was that expensive. I can eat cheaper in Singapore than in Europe IMHO.

From the list Puerto Rico looks to me like the new idea. I was considering the others, yes. But Andorra is cold as hell and boring :( Portugal's bureaucracy approaches that of Spain, but Spain is getting sooo bad IMHO that some day Portugal could be better, if it is not already.

Thanks for the ideas!

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by mchaver on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:12PM (#33602738)
Good point, Singapore has great, inexpensive food. Housing is where you spend the big $$$. Singapore is probably at the top of the list for the low tax countries. The big breaker for me is the lack of four distinct seasons, but all the other low tax countries have bigger negatives.

A few other low tax places to consider that I don't know much about: Belize, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by germandiago on Thursday November 17, 2022 @01:26PM (#33643332)
For me the seasons stuff is not bad. I prefer hot to cold weather (but not Dubai/Qatar level!).

As for the negative points... did you listen to their english? lol.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by ricardobayes on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:06AM (#33592473)
Monaco or Dubai. Can't really get better than 0% income tax.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by germandiago on Monday November 14, 2022 @10:25AM (#33595319)
Monaco is 0%? Interesting... must be expensive as hell I think.

And Dubai? Yes, it is not too cold there, hahaha.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by vr46 on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:50PM (#33589003)
Generally in this case, the law would refer to a German contract, not a translated one, and there is no need for the two to be 'legally equivalent'.

But the process should be clear for all those who take part and so much stuff in Germany is not even clear to native speakers, and I don't even mean legal contracts, just objects and instructions on stuff you buy at the hardware store.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @09:23PM (#33589589)
> But the process should be clear for all those who take part and so much stuff in Germany is not even clear to native speakers, and I don't even mean legal contracts

Is it that much different in English speaking countries? There’s a reason why whenever a legal matter pops up people say “consult a lawyer”.

In Germany all proceedings will be held in German. But you can represent yourself everywhere without speaking German assuming that you have a sworn translator with you. That will cost you probably around €200/hour.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by vr46 on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:17AM (#33591409)
Having started three companies in the UK, I have never required a lawyer nor have I advised many of the people who've asked about to get one. The process is extremely straightforward and fast, which obviously helps in making it easy to understand. Currently thinking about starting a company in Germany but the bureaucracy here feels bloated and protectionist rather than lean and facilitating. Like a massive overpriced American Ivy League university. If a company is so hard to start for people who don't know how to start a company, it's not exactly encouraging people to take a risk on a cool idea they have, is it?

Complex entry processes favour incumbents, it sucks.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:34AM (#33591497)
You can entirely start a UG without ever seeing a lawyer and the fees are low, as long as you stick to the standard contracts available. You have to see a notary, though. A lawyer is important if you want to have complicated arrangements between the shareholders - they would essentially write your company charter.

The complicated part about having a limited liability company is that it requires double accounting and strict separation between your personal and the company property and that your books must be testified by an accountant. So you’ll need a tax accountant.

Minor note: having formed a British Ltd, I can tell you that some things are much more confusing for foreigners than you might expect. And some are outright hilariously bad. I could not negotiate a health insurance for our British employees since the insurance folks are not allowed to talk to foreigners - something something personal data something. Yes, I tried multiple companies.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by flipbrad on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:52AM (#33591606)
The personal data rules in the UK are essentially the same as those in the EU, but with a huge exemption for "insurance purposes". So it's unlikely that there is a systematic data protection roadblock in the UK that you wouldn't encounter elsewhere in Europe. I can't think what rule you're referring to, so I suspect there was a misunderstanding, perhaps unique either to the company/broker you were dealing with, or unique to you.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:02AM (#33591668)
I tried multiple companies, and I’m a pretty normal German resident. They all said they’re not allowed to talk about insurance matters with people not residing in the UK. So we basically ended up having a UK person relay all communication, since that is apparently fine.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dsnr on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:10AM (#33592497)
> Currently thinking about starting a company in Germany

I would advise against doing it. You will regret it at every step of the way. Save yourself a million headaches (and euros) and go to Ireland or some other EU country with more respect for entrepreneurs. In Germany you'll just end up feeding the entire endless bureaucracy network that is set up to thrive on the work of other people. Among those being:

- lawyers

- notaries

- tax consultants (this is a big one)

- IHK (useless mandatory organization that takes a piece of your cake)

- Radio and TV tax (they require a tax based on the number of locations or cars that your company operates)

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by vr46 on Monday November 14, 2022 @09:03AM (#33594015)
Well, trying to figure out a way around it, which might be to simply run the whole thing from the UK. I'm kinda stuck with Germany, alas.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by thrwyoilarticle on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:21PM (#33598475)
There is precedence - all EU laws are in all EU languages.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:16PM (#33588792)
He looked into opening a GmbH, not the other way around. He wants to do business in Germany.

You can absolutely go through this process without speaking German but it will cost you money in lawyers.

> I think his point is, English is the lingua-franca of the internet and international business.

Maybe the Internet, yes. But international business? I don’t think so. Maybe from a perspective of native English-speaking person it appears to him like that. But it’s not the case in many non-English speaking countries.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by tormeh on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:40PM (#33588936)
> Maybe the Internet, yes. But international business? I don’t think so. Maybe from a perspective of native English-speaking person it appears to him like that. But it’s not the case in any non-English speaking country.

When a Swedish company does business with a Portuguese company, they speak English. Other languages are used for domestic business. International business is done in English. There are exceptions to the rule like the Francophonie, but let's not be pedantic. You may learn some phrases of the other party's language as a gesture of goodwill and politeness (and honestly it's kinda fun use of company time), but the actual important talks take place in English.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by raverbashing on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:36AM (#33590506)
> When a Swedish company does business with a Portuguese company, they speak English.

Correct, and they both feel less entitled about the other part not speaking their language as English native speakers do

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by germandiago on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:57AM (#33591645)
> and they both feel less entitled about the other part not speaking their language as English native speakers do

Have a couple of stories about this. Yes, some people think that you should know their language when they just speak theirs. I do not find it too polite, honestly. Especially a couple of times I saw things that even once made me jump in and say: "how many languages do you speak?" He was abroad, you know, in Asia. And I had to reply: "what makes you think everyone should speak english? You are not even in an english speaking country".

It is not nice to see people behave like that. I think it made the locals feel insulted, not bc he cannot speak the local language. It was because of the attitude of demanding the others to talk to him in english. English is the most used second language. But noone said each of us must learn it.

Just my two cents.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pjmlp on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:29AM (#33590792)
We might speak English but you will be signing everything in Portuguese.

And depending on the education we also speak Spanish, French, German and Italian, as the main learning paths in high school available to chose from.

But again, legal documents, Portuguese.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Kiro on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:07AM (#33591329)
Why would a contract for an international deal not be in English?
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by bloak on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:35AM (#33591501)
Presumably because the contracting parties want the contract to be interpreted and enforced by the courts of a country in which they both do business.

It's not unusual, I think, for big international companies that already have assets and legal advisers in the UK to specify English law and English courts for a contract, but if a small Greek and a small Italian company were to have a contract in English, it would, I imagine, just make a legal dispute much more dififcult and expensive to resolve (whether or not the contract specifies English law and English courts: different problems in each case).

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by lozenge on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:25AM (#33591457)
Because a dispute needs to be heard in a court, at which point precedent and/or statute need to be considered, and if the contract is in a different language to either of those two then interpreting all of them together becomes impossible.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rozenmd on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:20AM (#33591425)
Because legally, the contract has to be in the jurisdiction's official language
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:38AM (#33591523)
That’s not true - you can have a contract in any language in Germany. But the first thing that a court adjucating any dispute would do is have a certified translator translate it into German - at your cost. And that translation will be out of your control. So it makes sense to have a German contract, so at least you know what the contract says going to court.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Major_Grooves on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:02AM (#33591672)
correct - all our actual investment documents are in English.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:43AM (#33592702)
Plus, if during the certification of the translation it comes up that the document does not comply with the legal requirements, it may lead to a contract invalidation. It can be really expensive depending on the matter of the dispute.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by thomascarney on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:15AM (#33592108)
You can choose both the law and forum in many types of commercial agreements. Typically international contracts will choose English law as the governing law.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:44AM (#33592714)
If your company has a legal representation in the English speaking country, sure, go for it.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Kiro on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:35AM (#33593078)
Obviously not true for many countries. In Sweden we often use English even for domestic contracts. I've seen employment agreements in English between a Swedish company and a Swedish employee.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by wreath on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:24AM (#33591454)
> And depending on the education we also speak Spanish, French, German and Italian, as the main learning paths in high school available to chose from.

Come on now, how many people had any of these languages in high school speak it at a conversational level let alone for business. The vast majority of people i met who learned a foreign language in school (other than English) cant speak it.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pjmlp on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:28AM (#33592201)
Many do.

Myself I speak fluently six languages.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by WelcomeShorty on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:49AM (#33592350)
I am not sure in what circles you move, but the idea that "many" speak 4 or more languages is... not quit common.

The issue is probably what you personally consider fluently / be able to speak.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pjmlp on Monday November 14, 2022 @08:00AM (#33593310)
On average most educated continental Europeans speak three languages, their own, English and another European language, or local dialect.

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php...

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dj_mc_merlin on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:56AM (#33593269)
I specifically went to a European language focused school where learning a lot of languages was a thing people did (it was also classified as such as by the government). Six languages was the most anyone ever spoke, and that was a dude who spoke English, German and Chinese natively (lucky bastard). Even people who were good with languages did not go above 4 usually.

IMO you're misrepresenting to a huge degree the actual part of the population that is able to learn this many languages. Most young people in Europe can speak a native language and a second language, with a bit of a 3rd language thrown in. And that's only counting the richer part, many do not learn past a 2nd language if that.

BTW I count speak fluently == could have a dialogue with a native person about a random topic and be understood. Being able to ask for directions or talk about the food is not fluency, I can do that without language at all.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pjmlp on Monday November 14, 2022 @08:04AM (#33593347)
Yes, I specifically said myself, not everyone. I have worked professionally in all of them, when I said fluently I meant it.

The average as per EU statistics is three languages.

The person's country main language, english, local dialects or additional national languages in countries like Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland and so forth.

Or in the case of European expats, the language of the country they happen to work on.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by belorn on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:37AM (#33591515)
Sweden went through a massive cultural swing towards English/US culture in the later 90s and then at full speed through the later decades. English was initial an alternative language that Swedes could optionally pick at the age of 15-18 (a choice between German, french and English). Then it became a graduation requirement for all students at that age group (with German and french being delegated to a third optional choice), and then English moved down the age groups and now Swedish children learn it beginning as early as age 8-9. English has become a second required language in Sweden throughout the education system.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dj_mc_merlin on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:19PM (#33589192)
> But international business? I don’t think so.

Pray tell what the language of international business is in the EU.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:29PM (#33589241)
Between which countries?
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dj_mc_merlin on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:32PM (#33589273)
Poland and Estonia.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:49PM (#33589378)
Okay, and what about Poland and Germany? Or Germany and France? Or Belgium and The Netherlands? Or Germany and Italy? Can you with 100% confidence tell that all companies in all cases between those countries do business in English? What about a Belgian company from Wallonia and a French partner? Or Luxemburg and Wallonia?
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by barry-cotter on Sunday November 13, 2022 @11:54PM (#33590309)
> Can you with 100% confidence tell that all companies in all cases between those countries do business in English?

No, but in every one of those cases English is the way to bet.

> What about a Belgian company from Wallonia and a French partner? Or Luxemburg and Wallonia?

Almost certainly French because it’s the working language of both companies. If people share a native language they’ll use that. Otherwise the default is English. It’s not certain that they’ll use English but Siemens doesn’t expect its international partners to have German speaking partners for dealing with it; it does expect its executives to speak English.

Just as science has a lingua franca so does business. It is English.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by lodovic on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:06AM (#33591005)
The only English speaking country in the EU is Ireland. Many people in France, Italy or Spain do not speak English, at least not beyond elementary school level. It's even worse in countries such as Greece, Romania or Poland. It's hard to do business that way. So we use a lot of Google translate, but contracts are always in the native language.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by aaronmdjones on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:30AM (#33591131)
Minor nitpick, but over 90% of the Dutch population can read/write/speak English. It's compulsory education.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by PeterSmit on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:31AM (#33591488)
And also basic levels of German and French. Outside of tech I actually hear from multiple sources German is an important language for trade between medium-sided companies, to Germany of course but also a large portion of the other eastern EU members.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by barrkel on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:22AM (#33591766)
Malta also has English as an official language.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by smugma on Thursday November 17, 2022 @07:22PM (#33648022)
This is all true but as an American (I grew up speaking a different not European language), Europeans' ability to switch languages is interesting/fun.

Once I had a business meeting in Switzerland. It was all in English (for me, the American), but at one point they were speaking German to each other. And later in the hallway, they switched to speaking French with the lawyer who was there with me. And at lunch in the restaurant attached to the office, the Swiss German host ordered his food in Italian.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by AlbertCory on Sunday November 13, 2022 @10:23PM (#33589902)
I wouldn't expect the forms to be in English, because that would be Ugly American. It would be very hip for them to do it, but that's their choice. Almost every educated adult under 60 there speaks English, as far as I can tell.

I would note, though, that in a court proceeding, one side can pay for simultaneous English translations (I don't know about other languages). I know this because of the German map patent I worked on. I didn't get to go to Germany for the hearings, but if I had, we would have gotten the English service.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by the_common_man on Sunday November 13, 2022 @11:07PM (#33590106)
> Almost every educated adult under 60 there speaks English, as far as I can tell.

This is not true in Berlin, atleast. Even the immigration office may not speak English.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by barry-cotter on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:21AM (#33590426)
I can see why in Berlin people who hang out in bourgeois spaces would think that. Almost every university graduate under 40 is able to speak English and an awful lot of those under that age. Germany isn’t like Scandinavia where everyone without severe educational issues speaks English well but it’s another world compared to Italy, and Berlin has unusually high levels of competence in English for Germany.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by still_grokking on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:39AM (#33591530)
> Berlin has unusually high levels of competence in English for Germany

I would not confirm that.

In Berlin everybody speaks at least some English, and more importantly, people are way less "shy" to do so.

But the overall level of education (and that includes foreign languages) is much much lower in Berlin than in the southern states. You can even get your Abitur in Berlin without having to take English exams. That's something that's impossible in say Bavaria.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:28AM (#33591806)
There’s no requirement for English in the Bavarian Abitur. You must pick one language up to the exams, but you can totally pick Latin.

I’m fairly confident that you have to have at least 4 years of English in school everywhere in Germany if you have at least Mittlere Reife (you can pick a different language as first language in 5th grade, but you need to have Englisch from 7th to 10th)

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by still_grokking on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:48AM (#33591917)
Did they change something in the last decades?

English was once mandatory as far as I remember. (And you could pick French, Latin, and sometimes ancient Greek, or Spanish additionally).

But the point about Berlin is in fact a little bit different to what I've written before: You can get ABI there without any foreign language at all! (And their math and physics level was more or less comparable to my 11th grade in Bavaria). I was shocked when I leaned that… (That was the first time I've understood why some people would like to lower the ABI results of people coming form the north by one up to two grades when they come to study in the south; the different levels of education across Germany are in fact a real problem).

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:20AM (#33592139)
You can get the Abitur in Berlin without having a written or oral final exam in a foreign language in Berlin, that’s true as far as I know. You still need to take classes in at least one foreign language in the time up to the exam and the grades will be part of the final grade.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by still_grokking on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:18AM (#33592965)
Exactly. It's possible there to have no final exam at all in English (or any other foreign language).

Whereas there were not much possibilities to get around the final exam in the second foreign language in Bavaria, and no way at all to avoid the exam in at least one foreign language. Which makes a very big difference for someone who's not good in languages—as only the grades form the exams are part of the graduation certificate (which is relevant for example when applying for a university place).

That extremely unfair!

You get Abitur in Berlin more or less for free.

The grade from the subjects you don't have any final exams in are of course not part of the graduation certificate…

I know someone who was struggling in Bavarian middle school with at best average grades, moved to Berlin, could join the "equivalent" of Gymnasium there, and got out with an A-grade ABI. Such "good" grades would get you for example prioritized for say studies in medicine or law, whereas you would not even be allowed to get into university in Bavaria with a middle school diploma.

That are literally life changing differences! That's really not OK.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:49AM (#33593217)
I know someone who changed school from Rheinland-Pfalz across the river to Mannheim (Baden-Württemberg) and got their Abitur essentially for free - at a private school well known for making everyone pass. So what does that tell us?
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by still_grokking on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:26AM (#33591464)
It's almost impossible to grow up in Germany and not be forced into English lessons. English is mandatory even for the lowest level of education. I can asses you, more or less everybody here does know at least some English.

But of course no official will talk to you in English. No way. Even if they could without much effort.

If you need to speak to an authority you need to do it in German. They will insist on that. Out of their perspective it's all about forcing you to "show respect" for the German authority.

Berlin is special anyway. It's more likely that some random dude on the street speaks English than German. I know people that live in Berlin for many years and still don't speak any German at all. In the day to day life that works out pretty well. The only occasions where they need to bring some native speaker with them is when they need to interact with the authorities…

On the countryside it's different though. Even everybody does also know English you wouldn't get away with not learning German; as not only the authorities would insist on speaking German. People will just ignore you and pretend they don't understand if you try to talk to them in a foreign language (even everybody understands at least some English).

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by vultour on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:57AM (#33591643)
I am also from a country that has mandatory English lessons and the overall level is very poor.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by still_grokking on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:30AM (#33591810)
I would say the English level in Germany is quite high all in all.

Everybody understands it, most people are able to speak it quite well.

This should be no wonder as the languages are actually quite similar. At least the gap isn't so big as for example between English and some Latin language, or even something linguistically much more far away.

But even people are considerably well educated in this regard they don't like to speak English in daily life. Berlin (and the few other big northern cities like Frankfurt) are mostly an exception to that. But even there this does not hold for authorities. They will on principle insist on German.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by InCityDreams on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:10PM (#33597262)
>....as the languages are actually quite similar.

They're actually quite not. Try typing something into www.deepl.com - verb placement alone separates the languages by much more than a few shared roots.

* I do so wish the German rules on the pronunciation of 'ei', and 'ie' could be/ could have been internationally adopted.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by AlbertCory on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:34PM (#33597690)
I hosted Greil Marcus at Google. His first name rhymes with "real" and not with "style" as one with German training would expect.

I asked him about that. He said in Alabama where he was born this was fairly common.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by still_grokking on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @08:47AM (#33609069)
>> ....as the languages are actually quite similar.

> They're actually quite not.

Of course German and English are very close related.

Both are Germanic languages. Look here, in the right lower corner:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages#/media...

Or here:

https://alternativetransport.wordpress.com/2015/05/05/34/

Not only words and grammar are closely related even most of the idiomatic "pictures" are exactly the same in both languages.

I have also no clue what you mean by "verb placement alone separates the languages" as both languages use by default SPO (subject - predicate - object) word order. (German is a little bit more flexible in this regard, though).

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by AlbertCory on Monday November 14, 2022 @11:42AM (#33596759)
I took German in college, and I'd say without hesitation that my German, even right out of college, was worse than your English.

However, I found when I was there that attempting to speak at least a little bit elicited sympathy, and they would answer in English. It was probably easier than finding some German words I would understand.

So yeah, you don't just walk up to someone and start out speaking English.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by croes on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:42AM (#33590534)
Has nothing to do with ugly american or being hip.

Translating legal terms can cause the meaning to change.

The German texts are often already highly complicated, that does not become better by translation but leads to new problems.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by watwut on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:54AM (#33590936)
No they cant and legal translators have insurance to pay you damages if it dies. You should not use random translator, but one that specializes at legal.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by croes on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:39AM (#33590523)
The problem is legal texts are complicated even if you are german.

Translation brings in ambiguity.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by jevgeni on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:53AM (#33591258)
You being downvoted just shows how HN struggles with things like law practice, which are outside this echo chamber.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by piaste on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:04AM (#33591317)
In Denmark I received English copies of various work / housing contracts, with a very clear disclaimer "in case of any disputes, the Danish text applies". I believe we did the same in Italy with foreign clients - Italian binding text, English courtesy non-binding copy.

Such a copy is good enough to use for 95% of the negotiation process. Then, if it's a serious business contract, you get a sworn translator to check its accuracy before the final signing.

(In my case, since the Danish ones were standard contracts, I just checked that they didn't differ from the publicly available texts).

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by shapefrog on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:38AM (#33592270)
They can't even be bothered to learn the language ...
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by aden1ne on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:51AM (#33592764)
It is a mistake to think merely translating bureaucratic lingo will suddenly lead to an understanding of it. Even if the individual words are understood, it is likely the meaning is still lost. Translating bureaucratic lingo may certainly speed up the route to understanding, but one would still need to internalize laws and processes. Most bureaucratic lingo is tricky even for natives.

Example from Dutch bureaucracy: "A household receiving an allowance under the Participation Act must contend with the Cost Sharing Norm". That's all nominally English, but effectively gibberish without an understanding of what the Participation Act is all about.

There is no easy technical solution at hand here. That doesn't mean the author doesn't have a point concerning the notoriously obtuse German bureaucratic machine. But any real solution will have to involve a cultural change.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dj_mc_merlin on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:39PM (#33588928)
> My UG took days to be registered, GmbH took 5 months due to international founders

And presumably thousands of euros in fees. And you think this is fine? Why, when other countries do it quicker and faster?

> when I arrived in the UK in 2006, I didn’t expect that everyone will explain to me things in Polish. I actually had to learn the language.

Yes but nobody speaks Polish except the Polish, or?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:53PM (#33589032)
> Yes but nobody speaks Polish except the Polish, or?

Now substitute Polish with Spanish or Chinese and take note how dumb that statement sounds.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dsr_ on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:10PM (#33589145)
I'm not sure there are any Polish-speaking places outside of the historical borders of Poland (which have certainly fluctuated a lot).

For Spanish: all of Mexico, Central and South America except Brazil, which speaks Portuguese; Cuba, the Dominican Republican and quite a few of the other Carribbean islands; and all of the southwestern United States and to a lesser extent all the rest of it.

For Chinese: true story: many years ago, my neighbors three houses up the street were two Chinese immigrants and their three kids. Very nice people. The parents each spoke their own Chinese-family language and could only communicate with each other in English. When they had kids they decided to all learn Mandarin together. So... China, Mongolia, Taiwan, Singapore, and probably parts of Malaysia?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dj_mc_merlin on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:04PM (#33589107)
Spanish speakers: more than half a billion.

Chinese speakers: more than a billion.

Polish speakers: 50 million.

Not comparable.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:32PM (#33589275)
It was already said but I am willing to repeat. When a Chinese person arrives in the UK and wants to do business in the UK, they have to operate in English.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by bloak on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:16AM (#33591743)
Unless they are in Wales, in which case they would be able to use Welsh for communication with at least some of the authorities:

https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/companies-house/...

https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-revenue-custo...

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by sdfhbdf on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:21PM (#33589204)
The point is where you arrive to a country you should be the one adjusting you language to them and nóg the other was around. That applies even when you speak the most popular language - arguably chinese - and arrive to anglophone countries which speak the “Internet language”
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by incrudible on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:12AM (#33590384)
Ostensibly, countries like Germany are competing to attract talent and investment, mandatory bureaucracy in a relatively obscure language is going to be a detriment to that.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pjmlp on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:38AM (#33590853)
A language spoken across Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Lichtenstein, and Luxembourg, parallel in weight to French across European countries, and in the old days the lingua Franca in Eastern Europe, which would rather speak German than English.

Hardly obscure.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by ChuckNorris89 on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:03AM (#33590983)
>lingua Franca in Eastern Europe, which would rather speak German than English

No we wouldn't. As an Eastern European I can assure most of my countrymen know and prefer English far better than they prefer and know German.

You're probably thinking of the countries bordering Germany that still have ethic German populations from the post-WW2 era, or the ones part of the former Austrian empire (Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hungary, etc.) where learning German was mandatory during those times and the tradition of learning it in school as the main foreign language was kept till recently, but if you go a bit east, or look at youth of today, almost nobody speaks German compared to how many speak English.

If you go as a tourist to Slovenia, Croatia or Bosnia, and talk to old people, you're far more likely to get by in German rather than English, but if you talk to young people, it's almost the complete opposite, which is fascinating.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pjmlp on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:41AM (#33591180)
Which is what I was doing about 20 years ago, I know for sure how much German and how much English helped me to get by.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rurban on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:41AM (#33591543)
bureaucracy is not mandatory here. If you are clever you can entirely bypass it.

When I registered my German company the worst was to get an internet contract. Registering was done in one or two day. Internet needed more than 2 months.

First you don't need a notary.

Second you absolutely must not need to register a Gewerbe, as this will inherit the most costs. Check how your work is a "free Gewerbe" (eg. providing system IT services, opposite to application IT services).

Third, get rid of a tax advisor, if you care to read the tax laws and maybe a book. I only took a tax advisor in one of my early companies, and it was a massive pain and costly. Without I always managed fine, and survived many extra tax office checks.

Finanzamt and Elster is easy. Social insurance also, just a bit expensive. GmBH is expensive, so just take personal risk and register a normal UG.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by brigandish on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:31AM (#33590803)
> The point is where you arrive to a country you should be the one adjusting you language to them and not the other way around.

If you have a lot of money/skill/experience and the country wants it then I would expect the country to improve its services (in this case business but we could be referring to council services for immigrants, the immigration process itself etc) to the point where language is not a problem.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Accacin on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:27AM (#33591804)
It's not always so simple though, I moved to France when I was younger for a few years and thanks to a girlfriend who spoke French fluently and living there, I managed to pick it up relatively quickly.

However, even after a year or so, when I had to go to some more 'official' appointments (for like CAF and banks, etc.), it was like I didn't speak French at all. None of the language they used was language I used in daily life.

My wife is Chinese, speaks English great but when she has to fill out more official forms she still struggles with some of the language used.

I do understand their point that English should probably be available in these instances - of course the contracts will be upheld in German.

I do think when moving to a new country, people should learn the local language, but languages are big and the subset we need for daily, effective communication is quite small.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hoseja on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:51AM (#33591245)
Something something invocation of Godwin's Law something something.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by NavinF on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:44PM (#33588963)
> GmbH took 5 months due to international founders

Wow that's insane. Compare that to creating a Delaware LLC and getting an EIN. No wonder there are hardly any startups in Europe.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:49PM (#33589001)
That’s how long it took Finanzamt to do all background checks on all documentation.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by jojobas on Sunday November 13, 2022 @07:53PM (#33589027)
It appears deliberate. They don't necessarily want a bunch of Delaware-style entities doing multilayered shell shenanigans (they outsourced it to the Netherlands).
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by vidarh on Sunday November 13, 2022 @09:30PM (#33589633)
Having spent the last few years analysing European startup data, the idea there are "hardly any startups in Europe" does not match my experience. Fewer who seek VC funding, sure.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by barry-cotter on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:23AM (#33590434)
If you don’t intend to get big, fast, then you’re founding a normal business. Seeking VC funding isn’t a necessity but it’s certainly correlated with that desire.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by vidarh on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:41AM (#33592689)
Note I said fewer who seek VC funding, not that there aren't plenty.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rvense on Monday November 14, 2022 @12:33AM (#33590478)
Having spent the last decade-ish working for startups in Europe and never being out of work for longer than I wanted to be, I agree.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by sooyoo on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:38AM (#33591168)
> No wonder there are hardly any startups in Europe.

And fewer scams. FTX anybody? Or have you received any emails lately from a German prince?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Toutouxc on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:10AM (#33591362)
> GmbH took 5 months due to international founders

> No wonder there are hardly any startups in Europe

Please remember that the process is different in each country. AFAIK the equivalent process takes less than a month in my country, and that's mostly waiting for the paperwork to go through and registering for VAT (which is technically optional, but almost always necessary). There are also companies that will do all this for you for basically pocket money.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by origin_path on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:57AM (#33591641)
Yes, it can be worse! In Switzerland the process is quite similar to Germany, but the pain really starts not with founding the firm but when you first start to employ people. Or indeed, when you need to shut the company down.

Source: I've done this. The first time I tried to shut a company down, my advisors (who you need to handle the local paperwork) didn't tell me about the "three strikes" requirement in the public register. So it took five years to get the company fully shut down.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by harha on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:22PM (#33589214)
Setting up is still the easy part, managing (the bureaucracy part, not the actual business) and getting rid of it is much more involved.

I don’t see any positive factors to being in Germany as an entrepreneur, only reason to be there is if the business can’t do otherwise (eg serving something physical to a German customer) or you already inherited something and the cost of moving would massively outweigh the benefits.

Edit: note on the inheriting part, afaik if it’s a company they tax you for the sale if you move your tax residency away (in the EU you have a few years to pay, otherwise right away). That’s also another risk when setting something up in Germany.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:27PM (#33589234)
Yeah, managing is some work. The best is to find one of those Steuerberatugsgesellchaft and let them guide you through everything. Filing taxes will cost you €2500+ per year for GmbH, €1300 for an UG.

Getting rid of it is easy. You file an Auflösung, sign it at the notary, ask them to notify agencies on your behalf. Then you have one year to liquidate. Not sure what’s difficult about it.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by harha on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:31PM (#33589264)
Getting to a notary when not in Germany, all the agencies, getting to the notary a second time when it’s done, all the things you need to file (3 tax filings, 2 different accounting statements, etc), getting the letters from the agencies - all when the company is essentially dead and doesn’t have any extra 2500€ per year left for filing.

Could all be done with a small number of forms and online or for a small fee in many other countries.

What’s the benefit of doing all that?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Sunday November 13, 2022 @08:44PM (#33589346)
> all when the company is essentially dead and doesn’t have any extra 2500€ per year left for filing

That’s bankruptcy.

> Could all be done with a small number of forms and online or for a small fee in many other countries.

> What’s the benefit of doing all that?

Frankly, I have no idea. Maybe they do want to make sure that the process stays legitimate. I believe you can do all of this without having to show up in the country by giving a lawyer a power of attorney. But you better have the money to close all financial matters.

When I was shutting down the Ltd, I did it via my tax accountant. And yes, I did tax filings for the last year too. The only difference was that there was no grace period for liquidation.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by harha on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:32AM (#33590809)
> That's bankruptcy.

So you're saying for a small UG you should always spare 1-2 years (most likely more than 1) in case you decide not to pursue the business anymore? I'd rather spend 2-5k on other things.

Apart from being an absurdly high amount for something that can be read out easily from any sane accounting system (thanks Germany for basically forcing everyone to use Datev, which they obviously only sell to professionals, so that's how a simple task becomes 2k+ per year [0]).

> Maybe they do want to make sure that the process stays legitimate

That doesn't really solve the problem, I've had clients with GmBHs who ended up not paying what they owed me - just because they pay a lot to accountants, notary, the state etc. doesn't make the business more sound. Conversely, you can handle a legitimate business (e.g. selling expertise in form of consulting projects) much cheaper and with less time invested elsewhere.

Maybe if everyone weren't wasting so much manpower on inefficient systems, things would actually work.

The added burden of dealing with personal tax, the high price tag for it along with social welfare (which only helps in highly rare circumstances, e.g. when I literally don't have anything anymore - which I don't need because of what I've invested) and the time lost just don't add up.

I've lived in many countries, small, large, rich, poor, and I think Germany is the worst among them to start a business (and also to live, but everyone has their preferences) unless you have a really good reason to be there.

To start something you need flexibility, low overhead, and not to waste time you could be using to talk to customers and build something, rather than deal with bureaucracy. Germany offers neither.

[0]: one quick note on the side, I've used Collmex to do my own accounting back then after I had to fire my tax accountant for absurd things I was being charged and to wrap up the business that I wasn't working on anymore. For me it worked out - in principle what is accounting: you want to track receipts and transform them into a balance sheet and P&L statement + a few of the extras you need in Germany, like VAT reporting. Still a massive pain to transform it into what the tax agency wants and get the info what that actually is, I think it's hard on purpose to waste people's time and direct them to tax accountants that overcharge.

Anyway, time invested vs. paying someone to do it probably doesn't fully add up but I learned a bit more about accounting which is nice to have in any business context.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by sooyoo on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:26AM (#33591109)
> I've lived in many countries, small, large, rich, poor, and I think Ger many is the worst among them to start a business (and also to live, but everyone has their preferences) unless you have a really good reason to be there.

Try India. There was an HN post the other day about a guy who tried to set up some manufacturing and 2 years in he was still far away from all the permits.

One thing the article we are discussing notably lacks is the mention of bribes. Obviously, you'd add, those would be illegal. Haha. True! They are illegal in India too. And in all other countries. But compared to some forms that are (outrageously!) in German, those re a real PITA.

I'm living in Germany now, by choice, and it's a lovely country with lovely people. Not everything is perfect, but many of the imperfections contribute to the loveliness. Just like in many other countries, rich and poor.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by harha on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:23AM (#33591449)
Agree that bribes should be part of the analysis, but I would do the comparison with the time and cost to accomplish a goal, without judging the method.

If you look at the outrageously high fees and lack of competition (notaries and tax accounts - yes there’s a bunch out there but it’s not the market dictating the fee and no guarantees that they won’t work towards a suboptimal outcome) I don’t really see how bribes are worse. In Germany corruption has just moved up the chain making everything expensive.

Overall it’s a lost opportunity to create wealth, jobs and a competitive advantage, both in India and Germany.

Then there’s the bit about personal preference. I didn’t see anything good in Germany, but happy for you if you do and live there.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by sooyoo on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @02:02AM (#33606144)
> Agree that bribes should be part of the analysis, but I would do the comparison with the time and cost to accomplish a goal, without judging the method.

I'm sure you can get your business quickly off the ground if you are friends with the dictator in a country with an oppressive regime. (Others go to jail but that's less important apparently.)

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:02AM (#33592449)
> So you're saying for a small UG you should always spare 1-2 years (most likely more than 1) in case you decide not to pursue the business anymore? I'd rather spend 2-5k on other things.

I am telling you that if a company runs out of funds to sustain its operations, it's bankrupt. In Germany it is called Insolvenz. You can feel as emotional about it as you want, but that's what it is called. Yes, you absolutely need to take this into consideration, if you want to shut down a company gracefully. You need to have that financial resource available. You can, of course, finance your company by capitalizing it with extra funds and that's really simple - you put the money in the bank account of the company and write a document as a director stating what has happened.

In any country in the world, when a company does not have money to pay its obligations, it's bankrupt.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by harha on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:24AM (#33592590)
Well to me it’s quite unfriendly to small businesses to (without telling you in advance - UG is always advertised as the simplification that it isn’t) require so much money for essentially nothing. I think it should be much cheaper and easier to shut down a business. Yes, there are alternatives, but nothing is really great to start a business there, especially if you want to bootstrap and not get a massive apparatus running before you have a good market fit.

My impression of Germany was that they try to force you to keep things going on forever - health insurance, pension, etc. as soon as you want to change something you lose a ton of money. Also: don’t ever criticize anything because they obviously really know what they’re doing.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by dsnr on Monday November 14, 2022 @02:15AM (#33591051)
> Then you have one year to liquidate. Not sure what’s difficult about it.

What is funny is that germans don’t even realize how absurd this looks for the rest of the world. Compare this with closing a company in two weeks in the United States.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:13AM (#33591377)
Funny how the Americans don’t even realize how absurd that looks for the rest of the world.

The reason for this is that the company must pay any outstanding debt before it can shut down - and you need to give creditors a window to write their invoices. And you’re legally allowed to write and collect on invoices for work (or deliveries) that date back up to three years.

So what happens when you liquidate a GmbH is that a notice is placed in the register for all your creditors to see if you have an outstanding debt with them - and then you just have to wait.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by harha on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:27AM (#33591469)
Well in theory that is. Who actually reads the notice and if the company hasn’t paid yet, how do you know they still have money?

It’s a bureaucratic exercise that most countries manage to avoid.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Xylakant on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:40AM (#33591536)
The register is electronic and it’s common that people monitor it, especially if you have large sums outstanding. I have done so in the past. I know of multiple other cases where people monitored the register.

If they don’t have money and outstanding debt, they can’t liquidate the company - they’ll need to file for bankruptcy, which is an entirely different thing.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by nosianu on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:50AM (#33591600)
I closed a GmbH.

How is this complicated? You don't have to do anything for or during that closing period! The only thing that happens is that you get the final "it's been closed for good now" after that period. I let the "Steuerberater" handle everything while the GmbH was active anyway, the fee was not that much. I just gave them all my receipts and they handled accounting completely. I was a bit pissed at the Steuerberater fees accumulating during closing, which were a bit much, but I negotiated that down significantly.

But again, the least complicated part of it was having that waiting period. It had no impact on me whatsoever, not for taxes, not for anything. I just got a message after that time was over, and another one even later from the tax authorities that they are satisfied and would never retroactively look at the company again, so that I knew I would not get any tax surprises from them. Which I did get from the US IRS - years after leaving the US they wanted money from me.

When you close the GmbH it's not like you have to keep anything. You really close it, bank account and all too. The waiting period has nothing to do with you, unless creditors show up. The only thing that happened was that that very final message about the final closing only comes after that period, without any creditors showing up it has no impact on you and you don't have to do or pay anything.

I had had an "offene Handelsgesellschaft" (OHG) with someone before I had the GmbH. The limited liability company forms, GmbH and AG, are much worse than the ones with a fully liable owner. Those are much easier to set up, and they too can become quite big companies and are quite commonly in use in Germany even for established firms. But it's true, the effort around the liability corporation forms is enormous, and lots and lots of fees everywhere. You can shield yourself easily and outsource it all, but the got-to company form that Germany aimed for historically for the "common man" to quickly and easily set up a company was one of the two where one person or a group own the company and are liable. Limited liability was (still is) deliberately kept to be much more demanding.

https://www.ihk.de/stuttgart/english/services2/business-supp...

Forms 3 and 4, and 5 in that list, sole proprietorships and general and limited partnerships.

Here is a table with some numbers, how many firms of each form there are in three size categories by nr. of employees: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Branchen-Unternehmen/Unter...

(and just for comparison, the data for the US, scroll down for the table: https://tingen.law/2022/business-structure-statistics/54443/)

Maybe too many people go for a GmbH too quickly? A KG with one main owner and partners only liable with their share and they can be any legal entity, so businesses instead of people can be a partner, would probably work just as well. I know I went for the GmbH form out of such stupidity, because it was "cool" and internationally it was the form everybody was talking about (limited liability. hey!) but I would have been better off with another form. The "limited liability" has very limited benefits if you are a new founder anyway, nobody is going to give the new company any credit without someone being liable in addition because creditors are not stupid.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by yieldcrv on Sunday November 13, 2022 @11:28PM (#33590200)
The old world notary concept is not the same as the new world’s or the crossdrift back to a modern UK

old world notaries are an entrenched protectionist industry that function more similar to what lawyers do, or at least have similar weight with the addition of being required

slow a lot of things down and will be unfamiliar to new world + UK

similarly, the new world doesn't require share capital anywhere. where it is a common “proof of stake” system to reduce spam and capitalize the country’s coffers in the old world

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by SanjayMehta on Sunday November 13, 2022 @11:37PM (#33590239)
I've had visitors complain bitterly that they can't get a pre-paid SIM without providing identity and address proof while apparently they can back home wherever.

The concept that rules differ across nations should not be so hard to grasp.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Major_Grooves on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:09AM (#33590669)
tbh i was a bit surprised the other day when I got a pre-paid SIM card the other day that we had to do a video-ident session to use it!
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by brigandish on Monday November 14, 2022 @01:27AM (#33590782)
It's not ever a surprise that rules differ abroad, it's that rules can be surprisingly backwards i.e. they make the lives of people doing day to day things harder. That's when people remark on rules (and sometimes in the positive when things are easier than they're used to, but your example is not that).
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by jonathanstrange on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:06AM (#33592033)
Well, I was surprised as a German living abroad in the EU when I went to visit family in Germany and realized that my phone stopped working. My pre-paid card used to work in Germany for 10 years before that but Germany decided to switch it off. So now nobody can reach me whenever I'm in Germany. It's not entirely clear what the advantage of that is.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hef19898 on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:49AM (#33592347)
Since roaming isn't a thing anymore in the EU, why would you need a German sim card/phone number? And it is not "Germany" that decided that, but rather what ever provider you use.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by jonathanstrange on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:28AM (#33592612)
I wouldn't, and it is decided by new German telecom regulation that went into force last year. The card I'm using in Portugal no longer works when I visit Germany, because it's a pre-paid card.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hef19898 on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:39AM (#33593116)
Thanks for explaining. I didn't have a pre paid card for as long as I can remember. Strabge so, my son's prepaid card works just fine in the EU outside of Germany...
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by mousetree on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:58AM (#33592416)
Why should the telecom company be obliged to keep your prepaid phone number active in perpetuity? Seems a very reasonable thing to terminate it after some period of inactivity
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by jonathanstrange on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:26AM (#33592601)
I'm talking about the Portuguese sim card I'm using in Portugal every day. The German system started to switch pre-paid cards from abroad off, nevermind that my phone number is registered with the Portuguese telecom and they know who I am.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by diffeomorphism on Monday November 14, 2022 @09:03AM (#33594018)
It is not about "advantage" but the usual security theater:

https://www.computerbild.de/artikel/cb-News-Handy-Prepaid-Ka...

The header makes it pretty clear "Danger of terrorism! Lawmakers tighten restrictions on pre-paid SIMs". That is of course useless nonsense, but politicians can point at it and claim they did something. Also, something, something, stones, glass houses.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hrbf on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:40AM (#33591539)
I believe the author’s point to be that due to no English translation available, the already involved process in Germany becomes unnecessarily hard for a non-native speaker. As a native speaker I can attest to lots of gobbledygook official documents I had to deal with in my lifetime. The amount of paper you have to deal with when running a business is truly staggering.

Bureaucracy is indeed a rampant runaway force in Germany. Every attempt at reducing it will inevitably create more of it, because, in the bureaucratic mind, you now have to create an oversight committee to control the adherence to the decree of reduction.

I believe this to be a universal constant: you cannot task bureaucracy to with making itself superfluous. Digital services are a decade behind here, since most bureaucrats fight tooth and nail against them, for fear of losing their job.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by mkl95 on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:31AM (#33591818)
Since one of the EU's goals is to make it easier to do business, I would expect the EU to fund translations to all its official languages (with English among them). As far as I know no country has requested it.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by nivenkos on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:00AM (#33591991)
The same EU that introduced the GDPR, Link Tax, Cookie Law, etc. as "easier to do business", really?

The EU is to the German establishment what the USSR was to the Russian establishment.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by AlbertoGP on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:43AM (#33592309)
I agree with your general point that the EU does not know how to make life easy for small businesses.

However, your examples are not the best: GDPR and Cookie Law are actually quite good. Regarding the GDPR, I like being able to obtain all the data a business has on me, and to demand that it be deleted. As for the Cookie Law, it’s only a problem for websites using them for tracking people: you are not required to get agreement from the user to use cookies for things like logging in.

Those annoying pop-ups almost everywhere are a disinformation campaign to turn users against that law.

Now, there are other things like the Link Tax you mentioned and the MOSS (VAT on digital services), which means having to charge/pay different VAT rates depending on the user’s country (which you need to justify with 3 different pieces of evidence) that are a big burden on small businesses while not affecting much the big ones to which they were supposedly directed.

MOSS: https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-digit...

The end effect of those Bizantine regulations is that big companies just use them as loopholes while small businesses get weighted down with them.

Your last line summarizes it well: “The EU is to the German establishment what the USSR was to the Russian establishment.”

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by nivenkos on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:00AM (#33592434)
> The end effect of those Bizantine regulations is that big companies just use them as loopholes while small businesses get weighted down with them.

Yeah, this is exactly the issue.

I work in Finance and the right to be forgotten / right to deletion is a pain, as it doesn't apply to invoices (needed for financial reporting for 10 years), but can apply to the user ID, etc. which makes it tricky. It's doable in a big company though, even if it's a headache.

But for example, I live in a housing co-operative, and there the laws really become a pain. Like we wanted to use the CCTV to better enforce treatment of communal areas, but you can't without a police report, etc., and we wanted to build a better portal for residents but then there are lots of issues with the GDPR, etc. - like all just little hurdles that get in the way of iteration and innovation. Especially for something like that which is basically part-time among residents.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by sooyoo on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @02:12AM (#33606215)
> But for example, I live in a housing co-operative, and there the laws really become a pain. Like we wanted to use the CCTV to better enforce treatment of communal areas, but you can't without a police report, etc.

I also live in a housing cooperative and I'm glad these laws exist. They protect me from some neighbors that want to set up CCTV everywhere because somebody once saw a kid in the yard that he didn't recognize so must be a burgler (dark skin tone I might add), and because some neighbors don't fold their cardboard boxes properly in the recycling room. And for that BS I and all neighbors should be put under permanent video surveillance in all common areas on the property? No way, I'm glad the law prohibits that.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by robertlagrant on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:57AM (#33592809)
> Those annoying pop-ups almost everywhere are a disinformation campaign to turn users against that law.

I think it's just businesses not knowing, and Googling a service, and installing that service which introspects their cookies and shows them to users with an obnoxious popup.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by theshrike79 on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:07AM (#33592880)
Some of it are bigger companies being deliberately obtuse and making it as hard as possible to uncheck the tracking cookies.

Then a bunch of mid-size companies who just do what the big guys do because if they do it, it must be fine.

If everyone who just use cookies for session tracking (which is perfectly fine) woulds stop asking, we could better differentiate the bad ones from the good ones.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by robertlagrant on Monday November 14, 2022 @10:39AM (#33595549)
> If everyone who just use cookies for session tracking (which is perfectly fine) woulds stop asking, we could better differentiate the bad ones from the good ones.

Agreed. My experience was slightly different: we used cookies purely for login, and our legal person still just heard "cookies" and so we needed a consent popup.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by theshrike79 on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @06:19AM (#33607835)
If you really want to hear legal panic, say "GPL" in a sentence :D
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by benj111 on Monday November 14, 2022 @09:25AM (#33594313)
>I agree with your general point that the EU does not know how to make life easy for small businesses

Is this even an EU specific thing?

I set up a company in the UK, and the only thing I needed was a number to do tax returns. The only other required thing is the tax returns, and that only gets you to the level of the typical American who has to do tax returns anyway.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by Major_Grooves on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:59AM (#33591652)
indeed. As I was doing the process with two native German speakers, the language was really the minor part of the problem. Really it is the overall process that is absurd.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by lynx23 on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:45AM (#33591562)
Then the author should probably register a company in an english speaking country. Go figure.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pembrook on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:45AM (#33592320)
And this kind of attitude is why Europe’s future prospects don’t look great.

Based on the demographics, most European countries are going to have to start importing young people (immigrants) if they want to keep their social welfare systems up for the next generation. It’s a well known fact that first generation immigrants often have the highest rates of entrepreneurship.

Yet, unlike the US, which was created around the idea of being a nation of immigrants, Europe does a really bad job of integrating people (not unique to Europe, it’s really the default state of humans).

English is the lingua franca of Europe. To make it hard for the people most likely to start a business (immigrants) to do so, is astonishingly short sighted. Where do you think the tax money that pays for the salaries of the 5 million German government workers rubber stamping all these documents comes from?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by lynx23 on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:23AM (#33592583)
There isn't even a english speaking country in the EU anymore, and you say english is the defacto langauge of Europe? Seriously? If someone comes to a foreign country, they better start learning the language there, or they will have a hard time integrating. I see this on a daily basis. Language barriers are the biggest issues. We have people from foreign countries working in restaurants now, and somehow the customer is now supposed to speak their language if they want to talk about the order? The future is sign language I suppose.

No, it is not as simple as you seem to put it. Egnlish is not german, period. If someone wants to prosper in germany, they better learn german.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by rad_gruchalski on Monday November 14, 2022 @06:30AM (#33592620)
> There isn't even a english speaking country in the EU anymore,

There’s Ireland.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by q-big on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:16AM (#33592950)
> There isn't even a english speaking country in the EU anymore

Ireland and Malta have English as one of the official languages, and for Ireland English is even the more important one of the official languages.

But that's it.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by pembrook on Monday November 14, 2022 @09:58AM (#33594886)
> There isn't even a english speaking country in the EU anymore, and you say english is the defacto langauge of Europe?

Hrmmm. What language do you think people who work in the EU government use when communicating with each other? Here's a hint, it's not Portuguese, Finnish, Dutch, French or Italian.

It's definitely not German (a few historical reasons for that...).

The term lingua franca means "bridge language." That's what English is in the EU.

> ...The future is sign language I suppose.

Or, Europeans can continue doing what they already do when conducting business or dealing with tourists, which is...speak English when dealing with people from other countries.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by type0 on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @07:47PM (#33617403)
Yeah, Euro English is a thing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_English but doing bureaucracy in it on the local level isn't easy, mainly because legalese is often untranslatable
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by q-big on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:13AM (#33592929)
> Europe does a really bad job of integrating people (not unique to Europe, it’s really the default state of humans).

> English is the lingua franca of Europe.

These two sentences contradict each other: Integrating people implies that these people better learn and speak the native language of the country that they are in instead of English (in the EU of course except for Ireland and Malta, the only two EU countries where English is an (but not the only) official language).

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by ido on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @12:43AM (#33605747)
I live in Germany and have lived in Austria before (I lived in the German speaking countries since 2005). I have 2 native born Berliner children who speak German as their mother tongue. I speak German just fine for my day to day interactions but legalese German for corporate use with the government isn’t the same as everyday German (I also run a company here).

I manage anyway, but im sure this unnecessary friction is one of the factors in reducing entrepreneurship in Germany (my native tongue isn’t English but like everyone these days I learned English very early in life and still speak it better than German).

Ultimately it would be better for Germany to reduce friction for economic activity as much as possible. As others said you can register a company in Estonia without being fluent in Estonian. There is nothing inherently different about German or Germany except that they don’t care as much as Estonia does to encourage (or at least not discourage) entrepreneurship.

In general I wish “old Europe” would have been subjected to the same requirement for reform and modernization as the former communist countries were as a condition when they joined the EU. And generally for some Germans to drop the attitude that they’re better than Eastern Europeans - nobody is suggesting this with malicious intent, it’s meant to make things better for everyone in Germany - including Germans themselves.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by lm28469 on Monday November 14, 2022 @07:44AM (#33593170)
> And this kind of attitude is why Europe’s future prospects don’t look great.

Only if Europe wants to be some culturless "money above all" USA style conglomerate

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by chironjit on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:06PM (#33600174)
I think the issue is actually much worse than just making it harder for someone to start a company.

The primary issue i see with Germany are that the issues raised by the writer is not just limited to starting a company. It is EVERYWHERE.

The problem is that whether Germans realise or not, it profoundly affects them in many ways.

Because of the archaic system of doing things, everything takes time. You have to set aside time to do these things. Because of how bureaucratic every process is, each staff can only see a limited number of people.

You constantly have to refresh some archaic website to find a slot. Slots are usually all gone in an instant, and your luck depends on someone cancelling or maybe them adding an extra staff for that day.

Often, there is no way to submit applications online, even for things that may logically be better off being submitted online.

The problem i see is: 1) It affects everything, including healthcare. Waiting times for public healthcare, government support etc, are through the roof. 2) Often times, this time blowout issue is blamed on something else (such as refugees, etc). There may be some truth to it, but as an outsider I see how easy it feels to blame some hapless refugee than admitting that system was already at its seams prior. 3) This system disadvantages the less-well-off - being able to pay for it lets you buy your way out of the hassle. 4) Unfortunately, most Germans view this from some perspective of denial, helplessness while others get defensive when you argue about it.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by ido on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @12:30AM (#33605672)
There’s also a lot of resistance to digitalization- for example I work with some government organizations (both federal and state) and they’d often require me to send some documents printed out and signed in the post. There is absolutely no reason why in the 21st century you shouldn’t be able to accept email documents digitally signed instead.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hrbf on Tuesday November 15, 2022 @01:53AM (#33606091)
That’s what I meant with digital services being a decade behind here. I attribute it to extreme conservatism to preserve jobs that aren’t in fact necessary. Bureaucracy is incapable of seeing beyond itself, just like so many other areas are as well.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hef19898 on Monday November 14, 2022 @03:48AM (#33591582)
I can confirm all of the above, except the international founder thing, kind of. I went through the GmbH thing as a solo founder, which went from lawyer (not really necessary, you can use standard incorporation legalese), notary, bank to a steuerberater. All that took all of 2 weeks, getting a VAT number took the longest with a month or so if memory serves well.

I had a UG, still do so, with a partner (non-German citizen but a German resident) that started out as a JV for the above mentioned GmbH and ended up with me as the 50% shareholder after the GmbH was closed down. That went even faster than the GmbH, again getting a VAT number took the most time (tax authorities in my city are so bad that most companies just move 2 km into another community over it).

I said it before, and I say it again, GmbH set up (or incorporation in general) is something almost every single mom-and-pop retail store and every single contractor shop with more than two people goes through. How smart can start-up founders be if they almost fail at something all those lowely (sarcasm, I have the utmost respect for those traditional and small scale entrepreneurs and blue collar companies) do with a singoe complaint?

Maybe, if the basic legal things about incorporation go above your head, choose a different jurisdiction or, well, maybe flubding and running a company just isn't for you...

EDIT: Why do people insist on the 25k captial? Half of that is ok, founders are on the hook for the reminder. Also, we talk about start-ups, potentially raising millions of VC money. Why can't those founders be bothered with coming up with 25 thousand? Unless, of course, people aren't actually serious about running a business, aka the real "life style businesses", as opposed to those run by people who actually have to earn their living with a company.

Also, the stab, or whatever it was, at the German subreddit over his entitled English requirement (try that in the UK or the US with a non-English language) is just pathetic. And honestly, no amount of language mastery enables you to read and understand legal documents, regardless of the language, without a legal background in the particular domain. But hey, if notaries are outdated maybe we don't lawyers neither as long as we have a native language speaker?

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by thomascarney on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:42AM (#33591880)
I think a broader question for the EU is whether ever greater integration is possible without some standardization around a common "admin" language.

Having lived in several EU countries, I love learning new languages, but it does make day-to-day life much harder, not to mention more complex topics such as starting companies.

It's conceivable that Germany could introduce English an official second language (having multiple official languages is common in the EU), even if just for certain sections of legal life.

At the end of the day, EU citizens have fairly robust rights to live and work in other EU countries, so it's not a privilege. Providing ways for those people to integrate better into the legal systems would be beneficial to creating a more unified Europe.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by hef19898 on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:45AM (#33591908)
There are a couple of official government languages in thr Ru. And for doing business within a certain country, local official languages apply. For international contracts, parties can simple agree on a different jurisdiction, in which case those jurisdictions languaged apply. But maybe all non-English speaking should just feel sorry for bothering the English speaking world with foreign languages.

For the EU so, the only English speaking country left is Ireland.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by thomascarney on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:53AM (#33591954)
Ireland's first language is Irish, not English. Ireland has done pretty well embracing English as its operating language.
Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by aestetix on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:10AM (#33591719)
> Regarding the language. The only thing you’re going to hear as a response to that entitlement: “this is Germany, we do this the German way”. I’m not German, just fyi… you know, when I arrived in the UK in 2006, I didn’t expect that everyone will explain to me things in Polish. I actually had to learn the language.

That's where he lost me and I stopped reading. It's funny that I only ever hear this comment about English. If the language barrier is that hard, then hire a translator to work with you.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by isodev on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:45AM (#33591900)
The procedure in Germany is very similar to that in Belgium (and most EU countries), I don't see why the OP opted to tackle every step of the process manually instead of delegating most of it to the Steuerberater.

Regarding language, unfortunately English is no longer a EU language and so I see little reason to make an effort to support it when alternatives are available. If you are an expat/foreigner and unable to speak a local language you can usually pay your accountant/lawyer or a dedicated company to carry out the procedures for you and explain to you (in your preferred language) what you need to know.

This is no different to other countries, for example here in Belgium you will have to do the process in Dutch or French (depending on the region). Here it's also common to hire an accountant and a "social secretary" company that specialises in facilitating the administration and book keeping of your company so you can focus day to day business.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by fauigerzigerk on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:54AM (#33591957)
>Regarding language, unfortunately English is no longer a EU language and so I see little reason to make an effort to support it when alternatives are available.

Of course it is an EU language as Ireland is still a member.

Also, alternatives to English are not readily available to the overwhelming majority of people in Europe or outside. English is the language of international business and science.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by nivenkos on Monday November 14, 2022 @04:55AM (#33591958)
> Regarding language, unfortunately English is no longer a EU language and so I see little reason to make an effort to support it when alternatives are available.

What about Ireland and Malta?

Also English is the language of international business. It's crazy not to support it.

Germany is a technologically backward, conservative and anti-innovation backwater. From refusing card payments to absurd "privacy" laws (banning Google Street View and use of CCTV, etc.) and no digital identification, stopping nuclear power, etc.

It's terrible how much influence such a conservative backwater has on the EU, and actually makes me skeptical of the EU as a whole. For example, the GDPR is a nightmare for startups - where a few angry customers can cause you hundreds of thousands of Euros in legal costs and implementation issues. It really destroys the ability to iterate quickly.

Re:Just how complicated could it be to register a German com... by nip on Monday November 14, 2022 @05:56AM (#33592408)
> you know, when I arrived in the UK in 2006, I didn’t expect that everyone will explain to me things in Polish. I actually had to learn the language.

Expecting the immigrants to speak the language is one thing and should be mandatory, something that many countries in EU have failed to enforce.

Expecting entrepreneurs to speak the language to set up their company is a failure of the state. Everything should be done to ensure that new businesses can prosper.

I emigrated from old Europe (France) to new Europe (Estonia) 8 years ago. I’ve experienced the bureaucracy that steals time and the one that saves it.