I'm not sure what you mean by this. Many quality studies are A/B tests. A/B just refers to the two IV states you're testing, which you're then observing a DV - sales, engagement, errors, etc.
A/B tests can be double blinded (don't tell the error monitoring people which results are from a trial), and have high number of samples, far beyond even most pharmaceutical trials.
They can also be really crappy, changing too many variables at once, etc. But they are certainly "real science".
Science is more “what’s true if humans didn’t exist.”
Marketing is more “what widget generates more revenue?”
I put this earler in the phrase "reflection completeness": https://sdrinf.com/reflection-completeness ie there are things which stops working when people know about it.
In particular with A/B testing, this means that the initial A/B test is intermingled from at least 3 effects: specifically it measures how the naive population's behavior changes as a function of new functionality being made available. This is heavily, heavily time-dependent; specifically there's a "novelty effect" (early data collection will not be representative to long-term usage patterns); and there's "reflection effect" (once the outcome of the test is widely known, people can change their behavior based on that). Controlling for the first is difficult, but possible; controlling for the second, beyond just "keeping everything secret", is significantly more so, as the timelines for that might be years in length.
I strongly suspect GP was pointing at this timeline factor, and specifically that market engineering, as currently, generally, widely practiced, is grounded on the immediately available signal of "does it increases sales in 2 weeks of A/B test running". Which, given novelty effects, is heavily biased towards "yes"; and these people aren't incentivized (nor have the time/energy) to measure _very_ long-term effects beyond novelty, and reflection period.
An A/B test just refers to observing how a dependent variable changes when an independent variable is in two different states, State A and State B.
Drug vs placebo - is an A/B test.
To borrow the Lindy effect; whether someone likes the jacket in color A or B is of such short lived value it’s a huge waste of the resources that went into the pipeline needed to come to the conclusion.
Here’s an A/B test; rethink logistics to increase customization of outputs or continue to create design jobs who define what’s trendy and acceptable?
In the context of what we're talking about, you can A/B test more than marketing, you're can test variables like UI/UX.
Yes clothes fall in and out of fashion, but changing the placement, color, size of the "add to cart" button isn't something that's going to be changing frequently.
Another example might be adding a "trending" tab the top navigation of a page or whether the "what's trending" vs "what you like" provide more engagement as the default page.
Youtube recently tested randomly lowering people's video resolution to see who changed it back to gauge the importance of the resolution to their customers.
I disagree that I am “caught up” on anything.
I have a preference that’s been refined over time. Not a psychological error in perception.
I wish they start gauging how frustrating such tests are, particularly for the test group. I've been cursing at YouTube many times over the past weeks because of this very issue - and now I learn it's not even a bug, but an A/B test.
For example with changing the font size of a button:
Your null hypothesis is there is no difference in the number of clicks. Your alternative hypothesis is that there is an increase in number of clicks.
Your IV is the button font size. Your DV is the number of button clicks over a set period of time.
You randomly sample 50% of the population to State A (same button size) You put the other group into State B (increased button size)
You observe the number of clicks of the button.
You analyze this data, and can determine the statistical significance between your null and alternative hypothesis.
Did it? The nature of Tesla and his other current businesses buffer that a bit even if it has been his approach, and it seems to have gotten him thrown out as CEO at X.com twice; among the things going on Twitter seems to be Musk trying to relitigate his failure at X.com without other investors being in a position to kick him out, but he seems to be piling up existential threats without resolving them.
Sociologists will frequently not have as good access to such a large participant pool under near ideal experimental conditions with such good ways to observe behavior. And the stuff you have to keep in mind when running experiments is not terribly complex. A bit of statistics, a few things you absolutely have to get right, that’s it.
Obviously there are reasons why AB tests are often not run rigorously (statistical illiteracy and pressure to get things done quick as well as to produce tangible results as often as possible – all three of which might lead you to run underpowered experiments with too few participants and to stop testing early which will lead to too many false positives). However, stopping to do experiments (and instead just releasing new stuff and observing the reaction) isn’t really an improvement that leads to better outcomes compared to that.
A case could be made that A/B testing is insufficiently rigorous given specific goals, resources, limitations, context, etc. But that case isn't being made here.
Thanks though. I've narrowed my original comment to more accurately represent the scope I am referring to.
[0]:https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/10178/is-math...
I mean, I'm sure the parameters to the math are proprietary. But the basic math seems simple enough.
Trying to tease out the pieces that aren't coupled to Twitter's User class is probably more effort than it's worth
I guess the comment I read implied Twitter had an amazing A/B test suite, as opposed to a tightly specialized A/B test suite.
To some extent, you grow your company and codebase around your A/B testing system, not the other way around, because it has to slot into so many places: deployment, testing, front-end, back-end, analytics, monitoring, etc. Almost no two companies share the same stacks across all of those dimensions, and an A/B testing system that doesn't hook in tightly to every one of those systems is not complete. This is why I always get a bit scared when people think they can just use one of those "drop-in" services and be done with it: yeah, great, you can now fiddle your JavaScript from some third-party website, but you're going to have a big project ahead of you passing group assignments out to all of the different systems that will need to know about them, and almost guaranteed some part of your stack will not have a library available from the service you picked so you're going to be writing your own REST wrapper, and dammit they don't document that API very well and it seems to be responding differently since the last update, and man it'd be a lot easier if I could just pipe results straight from my own service into Big query rather than running a daily user export, and damn, their dashboard doesn't let me set exclusion criteria on my own metrics, I have to send activation events now, and etc, etc. By the end you've basically built your own A/B test system from scratch, you've just paid someone else to do the "int myGroup = Random.next()" call, which is the easiest part to build.
Science is just observation and experimentation.
Science doesn't dictate how you do the above. Now, someone would find it impossible to reproduce your findings, but - that would just suggest bad science
For example, if your metric is "time spent interacting on the platform", then a testing of a rollout of a feature ends up with longer page load times, so users spend more time there because they're waiting for pages to load would increase that metric, and management decides it's a good idea.
That's not enough. If you don't include some sense of both 'systematic' and 'rigorous' (and yes, these terms are slippery), you aren't doing science.
Until you can objectively measure how "systematic" and "rigorous" an experiment is, your definition of science only applies to you.
We haven't been doing science for very long. The primary difference is the desire and effort to add rigor and systematic thinking. The difference in efficacy is hard to understate.
Again, this comes back to your definition. Many would disagree in that science has existed for, at least, as long as recorded human history because an actual tenable definition of science is something along the lines of "the endeavor to build knowledge by experimenting and observing the results". The rigor of the experiment is part of the quality of the science, not whether it's science itself.
No one is arguing that rigor isn't important to good science. It is important because rigor lends to reliable and valid results. What we ultimately want is results that are reproducible and can be used to predict. If you observe bad results, it's because you did a bad experiment, thus bad science, not that you didn't do science at all.
As an analogy: if I took notes during a meeting that no one can understand or use, that doesn't mean I didn't take notes. It just means that I took bad notes.
Not sensibly. Or at least, whatever the semantics, we started doing something quantifiable different recently, which has had a massive impact on our world. It is quite sensible to ask "what changed?" and try to understand it. If you want to give it a different name from "science", ok, but that's mostly likely to confuse people. If you want to claim such a shift didn't happen, you've got a hard row to hoe.
Where A/B studies may go wrong in my view is a few other elements:
- A/B studies have difficulty in determining differences based on multiple interacting characteristics. In fairness, so does empirical science, and the principle of "holding all else constant" is a frequent assumption of scientific processes.
- A/B studies face an inherent self-selection / exclusion bias: the participants in this round of A/B testing are those who've not been driven off the project/product from past experiments and design changes. Given that many Web 2.0 companies eventually dance with pushing people right up to the border of tolerance, it's quite possible that A/B testing has a long-term effect of pushing those participants whose tolerance has been exceeded out of the study population entirely. I don't know how large a factor this is, though loud / rage quitters are certainly a prominent (if not necessarily large) cohort. Whether or not they're also influential, or perhaps more importantly when they become influential is another question. Again, this is a fairly common problem with any social experiment, including natural social experiments, see various forms of brain-drain and social flight.
- A/B testing tends to focus on short term changes and behaviours, which may mask longer-term outcomes. This has some overlap with the above, but also with subjects' general response to change. See the classic case of this in the Hawthorne Effect (<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect>).
The upshot is that A/B testing can be valid and useful, but that experimental design, particularly in the case of social and psychological experiments, where subject feed back into the study and its methodology itself, is exceptionally thorny.
I'd compare this to how evaporation rate increases with temperature, as more particles find themselves with enough energy to escape the liquid.
From my personal experience, even if I can tolerate a lot of UX abuse, each such "optimization" lowers my threshold of switching to a competitor. Software in general, and SaaS specifically, resists commoditization, but every now and then an actual alternative to a product/service I'm using shows up - and whether or not I switch (and when) is correlated with how much I resent the incumbent for their UX "improvements".
I'd add one bullet point to your list:
- Unlike regular scientific experimentation, A/B testing is a methodology primarily spread in business circles using regular hype channels. That is, the average practitioner is not qualified to execute it correctly, which is one of the reasons I see A/B testing more as tools to launder arbitrary decisions. Because consequences of doing it wrong are typically not immediately apparent or obvious, both companies and customers suffer (and a vast space for fraudsters is created).
I'm in a charitable mood, so I'm not passing judgement on people for not having PhD-level understanding of statistics - just pointing out that, to the degree much larger than in sciences (even soft ones, which suffer some of the same structural problems), there's little pressure to do such tests correctly (and there's lot of ways to make money or status on doing them without regards for correctness).
From what I hear, a common way of executing A/B test badly and getting bullshit results, is by terminating the test early when it shows the relevant metrics improving for the test group - vs. running it longer if no big improvements are observed (or the metrics start getting worse for the test group). This biases the experiment towards giving false positives. This problem was big enough that there was a debacle around Optimizely few years ago, whose UI was accused to promote this early termination of tests. The cynical take I'm still somewhat partial to is that it wasn't an accident (if not done on purpose, then possibly... a result of an A/B test!) - false positives make the (statistically naive) users feel they're getting more value from Optimizely than they actually are.
There's a reason that the technical term for "A/B testing in SaaS products" is gaslighting.
O hai werd uv yeer!
"Network Experimentation at Scale" from Facebook describes how difficult this problem is. Most A/B test frameworks don't reach this level of sophistication. It does make some sense to just ship things if you don't have time to build out something like that. (disclosure: I worked at Twitter long ago)
In my experience, they mostly just catch bugs. Stuff like "hmm, our much better looking signup flow underperforms... oh, the form is broken on Safari." That kind of thing.
This can be the case for A/B testing. Sure, you can increase ad clicks by 30% ... if you trick the user into clicking it through a carefully timed layout jump.
I think GP's argumentation may go in this direction. I'd probably not say A/B testing is the problem itself, it is a tool after all, but I could imagine it's sometimes not used very well.
Another point: Spotify's core flow changes so much (feels like almost daily) that I've lost all confidence in using it.
a double blind test can help you determine the most effective way to cause pain to a monkey, but it will never answer the question of whether you should be doing so.
This "learn by doing" is going to end up well ... not. Especially when trying to learn by repeating mistakes with completely foreseable consequences, like that blue "verified" badge being available for anyone who pays without any verification.
Almost right.
Charging Tesla owners to beta test their autonomous driving software.
> Oct 25 - Tesla Inc (TSLA.O) is under criminal investigation in the United States over claims that the company's electric vehicles can drive themselves, three people familiar with the matter said.
> The U.S. Department of Justice launched the previously undisclosed probe last year following more than a dozen crashes, some of them fatal, involving Tesla’s driver assistance system Autopilot, which was activated during the accidents, the people said.
[1] https://www.reuters.com/legal/exclusive-tesla-faces-us-crimi...
Its just a diplomatic rephrasing of Elon’s “do lots of dumb things” tweet:
https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1590384919829962752?t=cc...
But advertisers who have pulled out because of distrust and lack of stability aren’t likely to be reassured by rationalizations for the policy instability, they’ll just be confirmed in their decisions to wait to see how things shake out.
And regulators concerned about noncompliance with binding rules aren't going to care about a PR rationalization at all, except insofar as it provides evidence that the failures were intentional rather than inadvertent.
It's just a CYA statement, basically saying "oops, I meant to do that...", and leaving the door open to make more oopsies as intentional "experiments".
> Unfortunately, the "move fast and break things" attitude doesn't work with rockets.
You will likely find this comment verbatim from the last 10 years. Given that is so, I can't see how someone could claim that Elon Musk is new to visible experimentation.
I wonder what would have happened, had he fired 75% of the engineers when he took control of Tesla /s.
Especially when you're trying to help someone and they are seeing something different from what you see.
They need to explain musks antics somehow. More polite wording than idve used.
Regulators, too [1].
[1] https://www.ft.com/content/a07ca1ae-9f9a-46ee-9457-27bb30e18...
To state the obvious, I don't think they are reading the room very well...
It's Latin so it must be smart.
Apparently Twitter had some huge problem with bots when Musk was trying to get out of the purchase. Thankfully he solved the bot problem after the purchase so he could run polls and really get the will of the people and not, you know, all those previously problematic bots.
It's perfect, in a way, that the full quote is "Nec audiendi qui solent dicere, Vox populi, vox Dei, quum tumultuositas vulgi semper insaniae proxima sit." which translates to "And those people should not be listened to who keep saying the voice of the people is the voice of God, since the riotousness of the crowd is always very close to madness."
Refs: https://twitter.com/cagrimmett/status/1595967787339743232
Elon's late night tweets always make me think of that scene in The Office where the new CEO (James Spader) decides to close one of the branches without telling anyone and when asked about it he goes "I got into a case of Australian Reds... and... How should I say this, Colombian whites"
I don't think that makes it a good idea though, seems like each failed "experiment" poisons the pool and certainly makes it possible to do experiments in isolation.
This is the same "trapped enabler" pattern we saw with Trump in the early days, with his staff constantly coming out to try to paper over whatever horrible thing he did. They had no shame, and neither does the Twitter staff that wrote this blog post.
[1] https://archive.ph/xYeYY - TPM article without paywall
[2] https://theintercept.com/2022/11/29/elon-musk-twitter-andy-n...
This is some B-grade best-effort spin on what has been uncontrolled chaos with predictably awful effects.
The only thing keeping Twitter rolling is the majority percentage of the casual niche user in non-political and non-technical niches, who haven't been paying attention to the chaos; and who by virtue of being casual users are not notably surprised at everything that has broken both culturally, wrt safety and content, and technically.
Unfortunately for Leon the money comes from corners who HAVE been paying attention and not only see what's happened, and ongoing—they see through this kind of comedic college-try at handwaving around it.
I signed up for an account after years of refusing to do so after elon took over
Will certainly be interesting to see if there are enough of y'all willing to shell out $8/mo to have your speech boosted above the free variety to make up for the lost ad spend of the Pinochet-helicopter-meme-adverse.
I am an independent libertarian that strongly believes in free expression, beyond the idea that only governments can censor people.
>>speech boosted above the free variety to make up for the lost ad spend
I think the reduced ad spend is temporary and in some ways unrelated to Musk whom they have used as an excuse to virtue signal for something they were already going to do in the first place
Also I think the plans are to expand twitters revenue model beyond Blue and ads so it will be more interesting what Elon plans to expand twitter into
We heard almost nothing from Parag and little from Jack when he was running it and experiments were opaque from the outside.
Now we're hearing from the CEO and employees like George Hotz about what they are doing and planning, and they're involving the community, asking for feedback directly.
Reinstating accounts on the basis of a poll, on a platform you have spent months railing for having too many bots, is a good example of CYA transparency.
How though, Twitter has had week(s) to prepare this post and its so bare.
> First, none of our policies have changed. ... The team remains strong and well-resourced.
If you're Eli Lily, why would you re-advertise on twitter. Nothings changed from when you stopped!
Not only would I not buy ads, i'd rethinking even having a corporate presence considering the lack of protections against fraud.
This "going to do dumb things" is completely on brand for him with his 5 step manufacturing improvement process, step 1 of which is "make your requirements less dumb".
This is actually how Nike works, having worked there. They try all kinds of weird things aren't aren't afraid to, and then drop the ones that don't work with no regrets, keeping what works. Try new things, fail fast isn't a bad strategy for innovation.
Whether or not it'll work out for twitter remains to be seen. Especially with the rest of biased tech still upset that they lost their monopoly on the narrative arrayed against him.
The costs to "fail fast" (if we're being generous) strategy Twitter employed so far far exceed that
What it means: 'Elon looked bad when the blue checkmark fiasco happened. And more boo boos are on the way. Now Elon doesn't like to look bad. Solution? Everything we do is now covered by "it was just a test" disclaimer. Problem solved.'
It does have this gem in it:
"What has changed, however, is our approach to experimentation. As you’ve seen over the past several weeks, Twitter is embracing public testing. We believe that this open and transparent approach to innovation is healthy, as it enables us to move faster and gather user feedback in real-time. We believe that a service of this importance will benefit from feedback at scale, and that there is value in being open about our experiments and what we are learning. We do all of this work with one goal in mind: to improve Twitter for our customers, partners, and the people who use it across the world."
What a weird thing to say... A/B tests are a thing, does anyone buy that experimenting with new things by rolling out new features to all users at once is a good strategy?