Do you save the HTML, CSS, and Javascript, and hope that it works offline? I used to use the "Save page as..." tool back in the early 2000s, but it's become less and less useful, with too many dysfunctional disappointments.
No, I cut out some junk I don't need with the Printliminator [1] bookmarklet, then I do a *print-to-PDF.* This gives me a file. I can save the file, back it up to my NAS, search for it later, keep it with other files from a project where it was useful, and otherwise hang onto it. This is so common, in fact, that it's gone from being an obscure thing you could do with a Postscript-to-PDF converter or (before the adware/Ask toolbar scandal) the installing the CutePDF virtual printer. Modern OSes bundle a PDF printer, and print dialogs understand that you want to "Save as PDF". Google Docs and Office 365 editors allow downloading a document as a PDF.
I totally agree that a dynamic, interactive page or a comment section is not compatible with this model of usage. There's a lot of consumption of endless feeds, and a lot of one-time video views that also don't make sense to save as offline files. However, the web for creators, where people write articles that are worth hanging onto, has a definite place for PDFs.
Instead of doing a bad and lossy job of archiving the page myself, I notify† our friendly neighbourhood archivists at the Internet Archive of the page; and they then do the best, most lossless job of preserving the page that they're able, given their cumulative experience.
† http://blog.archive.org/2017/01/25/see-something-save-someth...
As a side-benefit, they also then take care of keeping the archive they've made around and available online in perpetuity, with no additional marginal effort on my part. The same can't be said for something in my own "private collection."
Just an FYI. If there are critical sites you want copies of, I'd recommend making your own copy. I've lost access to important pages / sites twice before taking this to heart.
Edited for clarity
Of course the Internet Archive serves other purposes for which it is (currently) irreplaceable.
Hopefully it really is around a very long time, but the world is unpredictable and things change. It's great to enhance the Internet Archive, but you can bet I'm keeping my local copy too. Just in case.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23228098
——
This is still not as powerful as my one, simple trick to handle all bookmarks, ever: Print to PDF. I've been doing it since last century, and I have 10's of thousands of PDF's of every single web page I've ever found interesting, sitting right there in a directory on my computer
——
Including the suggestion that was brought up to use ripgrep to search in the pdf text content.
- In my experience, it's a little harder and rarer to make PDFs utterly incompatible with different means of viewing them, and it generally requires more overt (if perhaps slightly unintentional, at times) sadism to make that happen.
- PDFs can do some things HTML can't (easily, at least) with document design -- though those things are generally things that would be disallowed in our new "deurbanized" PDF-based web replacement.
Everything else that comes to mind goes the other way, including the fact that the viewing-mechanism incompatibility thing can be even worse with PDFs, even if it's more rare for that to happen at present, and if PDFs became the new standard for the web I'm pretty sure that relative rarity would evaporate anyway. Let's also not forget that HTML can also do some things PDFs can't (as easily, at least) do.
I'm too lazy, so I just tend to use SingleFile these days...
> Isn’t it a good thing that we enjoy rapid progress? To the extent that we get to enjoy things like YouTube and sandspiel, yes! But to the extent that we want the internet to be a place where we can work and live and think and communicate free of malware, surveillance, dark patterns and the insidious influence of advertising, the answer is, empirically, sadly, no. The web has become ad-corrupted hand-in-hand with growth in technological capability, and the symbiotic relationship between web and browser means they feed on each others’ churn. Ads demand new sources of novelty to put themselves on, so the web expands continually, the specs grow in complexity, the browsers grow in sophistication, the barrier to entry grows ever higher, the vast cost of it all demands more ad revenue to fund it... and thus the perpetual motion machine is complete.
The problem described is widely felt, and also widely discussed. We already know this stuff to be a problem. For the piece to be worthwhile, then, it should do something that is not present in the other instances where the topic has been raised. It should articulate (or at the very least exhibit, without necessarily articulating) a solution for us. It doesn't. A bad remedy to a genuine problem does not yield a solved problem.
- Publish in static file formats.
- Date and hash your work.
- Stop spying on your users.
HN is a discussion forum, not project planning software. Not everything has to "yield a solved problem". Are you really setting the bar at "design a technology stack for replacing HTML/CSS/JS"? That's way, way too high.
EDIT: Oh, yeah, and static file formats doesn't necessarily have to mean static document formatting when viewing -- unless you're using PDFs, which tends to break useful stuff like reflowing for paginated documents (one of the worst things about even simple PDFs).
The web has become a bad remedy to some distributed software problems.
Edit: If the article _was_ all about surveillance capitalism, then it wouldn't be worth upvoting as actionable solutions are much more valuable than preaching to the choir.
> Sure, you can write good HTML. I won’t argue with that. And if you’re writing good HTML, good for you. But HTML is a dual-use technology, the bad guys are dual-using it an awful lot, and I feel that the stone age still has a part to play in the progression of the information age.
The part where you engage with this is where you write:
> I'm sorry, the more I think about this the dumber I feel. The web is useful because it's 2-way. I am excited by the web because I can interact with other people. I come to hacker news to engage with thinkers, not to just read a published article from one single author. I want to read ad-hoc opinions and user submitted content. PDF web, really?
Which is interesting! Do you have thoughts on creating peer-to-peer systems that don't enable surveillance capitalism?
A key here is that it's easier to write good HTML docs than good PDF docs, and much harder to deal with the harmful aspects of PDF docs given present technology.
> Which is interesting! Do you have thoughts on creating peer-to-peer systems that don't enable surveillance capitalism?
I don't know about the other person's ideas, but decentralization plus better anonymization and pseudonimization, with always-on strongest-reasonably-posible encryption, seems like the direction to go.
Oh, yeah I'm not on the PDF train. That's wild. I'm more of a Markdown or Gemtext advocate, or even LaTeX.
> I don't know about the other person's ideas, but decentralization plus better anonymization and pseudonimization, with always-on strongest-reasonably-posible encryption, seems like the direction to go.
Yeah, projects like IPFS (which you reference above) are working towards this, but JavaScript still works over IPFS. Plus, fingerprinting techniques are pretty bonkers. Most of it comes down to JS and various state you keep on your local machine (cookies, flash cookies, etc.), but I think you need that. How do you maintain a session with a peer without some kind of token/cookie?
Yes, it's call TOR. However, legislation is where we should start. Crippling/abandoning an incredibly useful technology which works very well just because it's often used nefariously seems to be a bit of an overreaction.
Until then, stop using social platforms, use an ad blocker, and use VPN if you really care about "surveillance capitalism".
Secondly, the level of difficulty in making HTML offlineable is many orders of magnitude simpler than your C analogy: there's really no comparison. For the OP we only need to make HTML documents that they have authored themselves offlineable and yet people have written general purpose tools to do this automatically for most webpages. This is not a hard problem.
TL;DR your analogy is absurd.
When I land on a page that's a PDF, I know certain things--I can easily save it and read it later. How do I know that? Not because I have read the PDF spec, or know that much about it, but because of my experience as a consumer of the web.
When I land on an arbitrary web-page, do I know the same thing? No. I don't know what the page is doing, I don't know what my browser will do when I try to save the page. When I save this page, I have the option to save HTML only, or a complete web page. Will the complete page actually work? I go into the source, and there's a link to the javascript (which is saved locally). Does rendering the page rely on that javascript? Does that javascript do xhr or fetch calls? Since it's Hacker News, I suspect the answer is no. However that's not inherent to the medium.
There are better ways to archive the content of even dynamic JS heavy pages, but they are not things that you learn as an average user of the web.
The reason offline utility tends to be true more often for PDFs is that PDFs are not generally regarded as the preferred online-default format of choice, which is in turn a matter of social effects rather than technical capacity. Reverse the socially accepted roles of the two document formats and watch the same complaints get made against PDFs as you're making against HTML. I'd bet money the "normal" state of affairs would remain the same in terms of the perceived benefit/detriment allocation between online/offline formats; only which format was considered which would have changed.
. . . but then all the web would be even heavier documents, and even less customizable for local viewing, thanks in part to that pagination and strict formatting situation.
The original HTML site[0] was printable as PDF, and save-able as both HTML and "Web page, complete", all of which result in a well-formatted & readable offline experience. (It was also responsive: very readable on mobile, but that's an aside).
The new PDF site is not accessible to some, difficult to read on mobile, and interacts poorly with all of the norms web users are accustomed to (back navigation, anchors, etc.)
[0] https://web.archive.org/web/20130127175816/http://www.lab6.c...
How important this is to users, or whether it is worth it is something I've not commented on, but it is a difference.
I think that this is a lot less true than we're used to thinking. The PDF spec contains a lot more interactive capabilities than I think most people realise. (It supports JavaScript!) We're not used to seeing those capabilities abused, because there's no point; it is so much easier to abuse HTML. But, if people want to abuse PDF—and, if we somehow convinced the world to move to it, then they would—then they easily can.
(I'm not conversant enough in the spec to know, but I do know that Postscript is Turing complete, and I don't know that PDF isn't. At least HTML on its own certainly isn't—no recursion!—although all bets go out the window once you start layering other tech on top of it.)
Even that usually sucks nowadays, because web developers don't care anymore. Probably 75% of the time before I do that, I have to go into the dev console to delete overlay elements that obscure content and garbage that will waste 10 pages (e.g. grossly oversized images, related article recommendations, etc.).
There was a time when most websites had a print view that gave you a simplified html page that worked well, but I think most of those are gone now. Now it's all some print "media-type" CSS that no one ever put the time in to do properly or keep up to date.
Formats matter.
What technologies exactly? You can have absolutely everything you need inside the HTML. You can inline css, js, svg and images. What technologies you can’t inline?
It's just the declaration of ONE person, switching ONE site.
You have the same option with either HTML or PDF:
- PDF files can be dynamic or static, depending on how you write them.
- HTML files can be dynamic or static, depending on how you write them.
> HTML can easily be offline-able. Base64 your images or use SVG, put your CSS in the HTML page, remove all 2-way data interaction, basically reduce HTML to the same performance as PDF and allow it to be downloaded.
You're missing the point. Even a relatively computer-illiterate person can easily save a PDF to my hard drive, and it's significantly more difficult with HTML. At a minimum you're probably going to get an HTML file with a sidecar directory (or I believe a sometimes browser-specific archive, it's been a long time since I tried since it works so poorly), and even that may not have the content you want to due to dynamic sites.
The idea that the whole web is going to pander to edge case archivers is asinine. This whole conversation is about supporting the needs of the very, very few and romanticizing about the time when only interesting people used the internet. It's kind of elitist and self serving.
> even that may not have the content you want to due to dynamic sites
But PDFs also don’t give you dynamic content. Nothing is stopping people from using HTML to serve static, JS-less content. In fact that’s what it was originally designed to do. All this web app stuff was bolted on afterwards, and it’s optional.
What do we accomplish by having some people switch over to PDFs? The people who don’t care about bloat will continue to not care about it. It’s not like thin content will become more discoverable or more common. It doesn’t really change incentives. The author says using PDFs makes it so you’re not tempted to add cruft to your sites but that’s not really a compelling argument.
Getting content creators to produce content without bloat is not really a technical problem. It’s a cultural and economic one. I don’t see how a file format addresses that.
Yes, it matters a lot. Word/Excel files are actually a zip archive containing many files and sub-directories. Can you imagine people working with exploded Word files, sending over mail and WhatsApp complete directory trees?
You know to expect that, but there's no guarantee that's what you get. PDF supports JavaScript too.
You can write PDFs to include resources that are not part of a single, self-contained file, and to be quite unfriendly with offline use.
Printing a page to PDF usually sucks: See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27883028
Right Click > Save as
Try it with this page!
> Try it with this page!
Say hello to your new sidecar directory (or broken CSS/images/God knows what else)!
I tried to save an NY Times article, and it 1) needed JS to display anything, 2) even with the sidecar stuff was broken, 3) it was so plastered with ads and other junk I thought it was incomplete (it wasn't, I just had to scroll waaay down past something that looked like a footer and some voids after that).
If you save a PDF, you get that exact PDF on your hard drive, and when you open it (even in 10 years) it will look exactly the same as it did on the site.
With PDF WYSIWYS: What you see is what you save.
I'll preface by saying I have some expertise in HTML, but none in PDF (the format).
The point of most commenters who suggest that HTML is still a better alternative than PDF (I agree), are assuming that if this is an important issue to you, that you would craft your page in a simpler style compared to most of what we see on the web, making Print to PDF or Save As... more viable.
> PDFs and a PDF tool ecosystem exist today. No need for another ghost town GitHub repo with a promising README and v0.1 in progress.
In general, we know that HTML is going to be much more compact (and compressible!) than PDF and that's the biggest advantage I see on a web where bandwidth still matters. Another downside shows itself by trying to copy and pasting the above quote: PDF formatting seems to be weird.
PDFs can be tiny if they do not embed fonts. Serving fonts is very much a complex technology in HTML world.
Browsing the web is a pain in the ass if you don't use a browser compliant with up-to-date standards, but the whole "HTML can be lightweight" argument pretty much depends on avoiding much of today's standardisation. As an objection to the original argument, it is not comparing like with like.
> In general, we know that HTML is going to be much more compact (and compressible!) than PDF and that's the biggest advantage I see on a web where bandwidth still matters. Another downside shows itself by trying to copy and pasting the above quote: PDF formatting seems to be weird.
PDF is a display format. I once worked on a project parallel to a guy who was parsing PDF to extract text content. IIRC, Text in PDFs is stored in a way that works fine for printing/rendering but not so well for manipulation (e.g. it's a bunch of commands to render line Z at position X,Y with font W). Those commands don't have to be in reading order, nor do they have the semantic meaning you can get from markup like HTML (e.g. superscript can just be nothing more than a different line rendered with a smaller font).
IMHO, PDF is actually less optimal than HTML for what this guy is advocating, except that it's those precisely those limitations that have prevented PDF from becoming the mess than Web HTML has. Though, that's probably in large part because the bloaters have been too distracted by the easier-target that is HTML to bother.
I figured I could just save the page, automate a few edits to get around dynamic stuff, and then use it as, you know, an HTML document.
Even with a nice friendly mostly-text literary magazine, after about five hours I gave up and just copy-pasted the rendered text.
> Right Click > Save as
> Try it with this page!
HN is not a good site to illustrate the unpleasantnesses of navigating the modern web. As you'd hope for a hacker news site, it is very friendly to this sort of thing. Most sites aren't.
Ctrl+P -> Save as PDF
You don't need the page to be a PDF to save it as a PDF.
Under the hood it seems apparent to me that the real premise is an emotional one, not a technical one.
The internet is plastic not because of HTML, but because of money and people. When you have teens driving content it's going to feel plastic. When Walmart uses the internet to sell you crap it's gonna be plastic. Gossip / social platforms are trash, no matter the medium.
It could be argued that TV is an incredible learning platform ruined by HD. Back in the standard definition days we had proper news, documentaries that were substantial, and no reality TV. We need to go back to black and white standard definition.
Sorry, but the PDF web is not a solution to societal rot.
He's actually more of a social observation: it doesn't matter what the technology can do, what matters how how the developers of that technology actually use it.
People who use PDF almost never use 3D graphics and heavy dynamic JS, so PDFs almost always have many of the qualities he's seeking.
Web developers almost never inline anything, and do all kinds of things that are arguably deal-breakers except for a few lowest-common-denominator use cases.
> Under the hood it seems apparent to me that the real premise is an emotional one, not a technical one.
The premise is that the web has failed in important and clear ways, it's impossible to fix so we should give up, so many use cases should abandon it for something else, and PDFs are unexpectedly well suited for that.
On a related note, part of me wishes Java Applets never died. Getting rid of them seems to have caused the Web to turn into them, and maybe if they'd remained some kind of separation could have been maintained.
The solution to the identified problems is not to switch to PDFs. Stop reshuffling the chairs on the deck of your sinking ship, and start figuring out how to design, implement, and incentivize the use of, some means of conveyance other than iceberg-vulnerable ships.
> On a related note, part of me wishes Java Applets never died. Getting rid of them seems to have caused the Web to turn into them, and maybe if they'd remained some kind of separation could have been maintained.
Java Applets were killed by Flash.
Not so surprising, really: the PDF standard evolved in parallel with Adobe's Flash between 2005 and 2010, which was then the key technology in Adobe's effort to keep a strategic toehold on the web. If Flash had not been a security clusterfuck, it might still be around. The PDF standard was always meant to be a complementary standard, and Adobe's attempted successor technologies have followed an even closer technological path.
The PDF standard has benefited from the fact that, unlike the W3C and WHATWG, surveillance capitalists have not been in the driving seat of its standardisation effort. Adobe's interests are not identical to those of the public, but they are not as essentially adversarial to them as the web standards bodies have been.
While you can produce identical outputs from the different methods, it's not hair-splitting to say that the authoring process and hence the nature of the medium to shape expression is affected by choosing one. When you opt towards maximizing generality your production cycle can grow without bound because everything is possible by layering different media, even if all of it is unnecessary. That's how you end up with creative projects that take multiple years to decades to accomplish.
This is close to it: When you have teens driving content it's going to feel plastic.
Youth is the ultimate quality destroyer. They just fucking suck. I’m quite sick of their drivel honestly, and yet, we let them dictate the world (watch my childish cartoons, even in old age).
And the little shits complicate code bases. All you little rascals under 30, scram, I’m on to you.
And all you little adults acting like children, with your stupid motivational posts on LinkedIn, and your garbage bragging on there, I see you too.
Stop.
I was skeptical at first, but I think the author made the point fantastically well.
Your browser has a zoom functionality that lets you make the text smaller, essentially replicating the PDF site above. Only the opposite of what you say is correct: I can’t read that PDF’s text without turning my phone into landscape and picking up my glasses.
I get what they're going for but the PDF is not exactly an accessible reading experience.
(EPUB is basically a subset of HTML with client-oriented context.)
There’s a reason responsive design has been a big deal for the last 10+ years and I don’t think the benefits of PDF are worth throwing it out.
If these all "miss the point", what is the point?
It seems to me that the article's point is that PDF as a format has attributes that satisfy the author's goal, whereas HTML does not. The parent comment says that HTML does have those attributes after all (if you choose to use HTML that way). That is very directly addressing the article's point, as I understand it.
Just a caveat to that statement, you can literally do interactive and dynamic 3D graphics rendering in PDFs: https://helpx.adobe.com/acrobat/using/enable-3d-content-pdf....
You can also embed JS in PDFs: https://helpx.adobe.com/acrobat/using/applying-actions-scrip...
Even most simple interactive things can easily not work correctly even in more widely spread PDF readers.
IMHO PDF is in many ways worse then HTML, it's just that this ways are less commonly used, but if you start a PDF instead of HTML trend it's just a matter of time until this "not so compatible" aspects of PDF become widely used by some people.
This guy is arguing that removing JS is what makes the web better. Having published, static, paper-like content is the way forward.
As someone who has had to extract data from large sets of PDFs and modern web presentation formats, I'm not a fan of either, really. Even verifying that a visibly presented string exists in a PDF document programmatically can be a non-trivial task, as with a given website as well. That to me says a lot.
For what it's worth, the same objection occured to me. The use of scripting I've seen in PDFs has been use-supporting and consistent with their book-like feel.
I’m guessing your data set is made of scans with poor or no OCR.
> PDFs are discoverable. Search engines index them as easily as any other format.
What you’re taking about has nothing to do with that.
FWIW I deliver PDFs daily as an art director; not ideal, but they work in most cases. There's certainly nothing rebellious or non-commercial about them.
I built a tool for this exact purpose[0] since the HTML specification and modern browsers have a lot of nice features for creating and reading documents compared to PDF (reflow and responsive page scaling, accessibility, easily sharable, a lot of styling options that are easy to use, ability for the user to easily modify the document or change the style, integration with existing web technologies, etc.). In general I would rather read an HTML document than the PDF document since I like to modify the styling in various ways (dark theme extensions in the browser for example) which may be hard to do with a PDF, but its more of a personal preference. Some people will prefer that the document adjusts to the screen size of the device (many HTML pages), and others will prefer the exact same or similar rendering regardless of the screen size (PDF).
Either way, kind of a fun idea making a website using just PDFs. Not the most practical choice, but fun none-the-less.
People understand PDFs, they are extremely common in the academic and business world as “digital paper” standalone documents. Hypothetically, anything in memory can be made into a file but in this scenario what matters is the practical goal of people actually using these files.
I think it makes sense for the web to be made up of discreet primitives not only so that the web can be browsed in an intuitive and frictionless way but also because it lends itself to being backed up and easily re-hosted.
----
Call to action
Publish in static file formats
Date and hash your work
Stop spying on your users
----
All this cannot be GUARANTEED by HTML/pdf/epub and requires active cooperation from the author. This is bad.
Oh, you are set for a world of surprises. Nearly every single one bad, but running our current web over PDFs is well within the specs.
- does not reflow, major suck
- is binary format, another major suck
So no thx, PDF is outdated tech, while HTML and friends are just abused.
and, ancient HTML can still be easily read by modern browsers, so that's not exactly a special attribute of PDF either.
Sure - if the publisher cares. From the user's standpoint, the safe assumption is that they don't. Of course PDF is No Good for many contexts, but for any sort of long-form document that is primarily meant to be read, it's so often better.
Also, if something is available in pdf, I can be moderately sure that someone else took the time to make sure it would be formatted correctly and print out OK.* If it only exists in HTML it's more of a roulette wheel experience.
* Unless some graphic designer thought 'gee this report would look so cool if the cover pages were black or some other highly saturated block of solid color.'
HTML+JS today... now it's effectively a standard in name only, and Chrome is the new IE6. The standard is now "what has worked in the last stable release"
Now go to http://acid3.acidtests.org/ and see how the latest stable Chrome release can't render a decade old CSS testcase.
My experience is that browsers are terrible with CSS pagination support in their display and printing directly.
The only place it seems to actually work is...saving as a PDF...
And you can have a single self-contained file with a webpage, it's called a "web archive", with .mhtml extension.
Is there a tool that does those two things (or at least the first one) and that can be used by non-programmers (command line use is fine, a Python library would not be)?
And how many websites today are anything like HN, in terms of relative simplicity, e.g., no images^1, 3rd party requests or ads, only a tiny bit of (gratuitous)^2 JS.
1. I do not particpate in the voting scheme but I could vote from the command line if I wanted to. I use a text-only browser so the grey, fading text gimmick is irrelevant. I see all comments and treat them according to the thinking not the voting.
2. If we exclude the .ico and a .gif
There seems to be a double-standard, for lack of a better term, where many HN commenters and voters appear to work for companies that make websites with tracking and ads and various gimmicks targeted at "non-thinkers" which are nothing at all like HN. Whatever these commenters and voters see and appreciate in HN they are not working to bring it to the rest of the web. I seriously doubt they comment and vote on HN out of fear of so-called "power users" or a belief that the HN type of simplicity could become more popular and threaten their jobs that depend on surveillance, online ads and a non-thinking audience of "powerless" users. Rather, a more rational explanation might be that they see some value in a website that shows no ads and generally uses no gimmicks; that's something to think about.
"PDF web" may not make sense to many folks who have invested heavily in JS and Big Tech web browsers, but Postscript is arguably more elegant than Javascript. "Thinkers" usually like FORTH.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_PostScript
The tracking section mentions the Abe Vigoda status page.
HTML can easily be offline-able. Base64 your images or use SVG, put your CSS in the HTML page, remove all 2-way data interaction, basically reduce HTML to the same performance as PDF and allow it to be downloaded.
* PDFs are files
HTML is files
* PDFs are decentralised
This should be "PDFs can be decentralised". PDFs aren't inherently any more decentralised than any other kind of file, including HTML.
The store is the thing that becomes decentralised, not the content.
* PDFs are page-oriented
HTML can be page-oriented. Simply build your website with pagination. PDFs can also be abused to have hugely long pages. Bad UX can be encapsulated in any medium.
* PDFs used to be large (bla bla bla Javascript weighs a lot)
Nope, PDFs are still objectively larger than the equivalent HTML. PDFs don't have any dynamic interaction, rip all that out and produce the HTML of yesteryear and your HTML will be tiny in comparison to the PDF.
Edit: I'm sorry, the more I think about this the dumber I feel. The web is useful because it's 2-way. I am excited by the web because I can interact with other people. I come to hacker news to engage with thinkers, not to just read a published article from one single author. I want to read ad-hoc opinions and user submitted content. PDF web, really?