Seemingly benevolent aliens just here to help us fix our mess, but ultimately just want to sneakily take our stuff, is fun trope. https://www.gateworld.net/sg1/s4/2010/
As an alternative - it could be the oil producing countries, not aliens - seeking shade earth to disrupt solar and wind energy, and return to oil dominance.
Step One: build a machine that can cool the Earth, solving global warming Once and For All.
Step Two: demand the governments of the Earth pay you $1 trillion to turn it off at the appropriate time.
It should give people pause that with all the push for more renewables in California and Germany, they now have among the most expensive electricity on Earth.
Solving global warming, turning off the earth iceball machine when it's time? Easily worth $100 trillion. OP just has no supervillain potential.
"I demand the sum of... $1 million dollars!" -- Dr. Evil
Perhaps building unreliable energy infrastructure dependent on favorable climatic conditions is not the greatest idea. Especially if there's going to be major climate change. How's Germany doing again with all its solar lol.
Interesting to think about:
* How much mass could be positioned at L1 before changing the gravitational proposition of L1?
* How large an object could be positioned at L1 before it exceeded the practical bounds of L1?
* Presumably the object would reflect rather than absorb solar radiation. How would it deal with other solar ejecta?It's a cookbook!
Then they come back a year later: "I have bad news: the timeline has been accelerated, you now have 10 years".
What to do? To whom shall we turn for a plan?
A good movie plot, but I imagine in reality it would be obvious from the start that this would be a possibility and no scientists would be caught off-guard when the shade just didn't get removed. I can be almost certain as well that large factions of humans would "know" (believe, based on no facts) that is was happening all along and there would be incredible conflict across Earth as we figured out how to deal with this gentle attack, even before it was certain that is was an attack.
If it was done without consent, then it is an attack, and it doesn't fu*cking matter whether it ends up causing physical harm (or even if the invaders genuinely thought they meant well).
Regardless of whether it ends up taking away somebody's sunlight forever, it's still robbing people of all their agency. That decision was never theirs to make.
As a bonus, the other aliens in the game didn't view destructive terraforming as equivalent to WMDs - you could do this without even declaring war.
"The Forge of God" by Greg Bear The Makers deploy a vast, self-replicating robotic spacecraft called the "Doomsday Rock" near Earth's sun. The purpose of this massive construct is to absorb energy from the sun, causing it to dim and ultimately leading to the freezing of Earth, thus rendering it uninhabitable.
Spoiler alert: in The Forge of God the Earth gets literally blown to pieces.
Kind of like the movie Sunshine, but with more believable physics.
Edit: as a bonus, it could take place in ~50-100 years, when global warming has gotten worse. The aliens could disguise their motives for a while, claiming to be there to help counteract global warming. Warnings from a lone scientist would be ignored. Then, as things start getting too cold, their true purpose would become clear to all.