Similarly, cutting opioids with Tylenol is not actually intended to be a deterrent to someone who gets their hands on the pills rather it deters people involved with illicit drug manufacture and distribution from using it as a base to grind up and sell.
Tylenol is really not super safe, at least by todays approval standards. Most official sources, which unsurprisingly have a huge bias towards Tylenol’s safety, state that allergic reactions are very uncommon, but recent meta-analysis’ are beginning to uncover that mild to moderate allergic reactions to acetaminophen is more common that originally thought. It does not get reported because if you’re already feeling like crap when you take it, some mild itchiness, redness, and discomfort would not be out of the ordinary without the Tylenol. As mentioned before, the toxic dose is much too close to the effective dose, I’ve heard from medical professionals that doubling a single recommended dose on extra strength Tylenol is enough to cause long-term damage to your liver. On top of all that, the fact that it is a weak pain reliever at best would solidly put this as a drug that’s not super useful.
I have a very low opinion of how we go about drug policy in the US. I am on a very controlled medication due to a sleep disorder (that causes hypersomnia) which I cannot go off for safety reasons. I also cannot get it filled more than 24 in advance without complicated authorization procedures that must be completed in the correct order. It’s a goddamn mess and serves only as a punishment to law-abiding patients for needing this medication. It also does nothing to curb illicit use because synthesis of a more potent product is so trivial.
This is an example of poorly targeted legislation, which was put into place because it’s the only thing they could exert control over. It does not further the stated goals of drug enforcement because it’s so easy to manufacture this stuff and the resulting product is so easy to move, bad actors can simply avoid this system. While I’m spending 3 hours every month orchestrating the complicated dance of my prescription between my providers, the pharmacy, and my insurance, someone is making a batch of shake-and-bake meth in about 3 minutes.
AFAIK most/all rubbing alcohol (at least that which is sold in the US) is isopropanol, not ethanol. You can buy ethanol in not-for-consumption form, as denatured alcohol.
There are additives in ethanol sold as an antiseptic to discourage drinking (various bitterants, not benzene).
Here's the actual formula they have to use that's enshrined in the law. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/21.49
Its general sold as "ethyl alcohol" not ethanol, but its the same thing.
I accidentally found a gray market source before discovering it is banned. Makes me wonder why they still bother denaturing it.
"Not everyone thought it was a good idea to make alcohol deadly, when making it illegal hadn’t stopped drinkers, and New Jersey Senator Edward I. Edwards called it “legalized murder.” However, the Anti-Saloon League persisted, arguing that legal alcohol had killed many more in its day than denatured alcohol would kill during the transition to a teetotaling world. “The Government is under no obligation to furnish the people with alcohol that is drinkable when the Constitution prohibits it,” said advocate Wayne B. Wheeler. “The person who drinks this industrial alcohol is a deliberate suicide… To root out a bad habit costs many lives and long years of effort…”"
But, I guess one important thing is whether such an additive is compatible with the altered substance still being usable for the purpose for which it is being made available.
Now, presumably something as simple as “dissolve large amounts of capsaicin in it” wouldn’t work (I’m not even sure if capsaicin can be dissolved in alcohol), but, what about something along those lines? Or something that just causes headaches, or vomiting?
Nowadays, of course, alcohol is cheap and plentiful enough that there's no incentive to re-nature it, and we can get away with much less extreme measures. In many cases, the alcohol won't contain any methanol at all, and may even be drinkable.
A good article on the government's arms race against bootlegging: https://slate.com/technology/2010/02/the-little-told-story-o... (also, the author's book "The Poisoner's Handbook")
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/21.49
That formula clearly spells out rubbing alcohol and disinfectants under the authorized uses. It's toxic and unpleasant.
Choose your poison:
27 CFR § 21.151 - List of denaturants authorized for denatured spirits. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/21.151
You will never find it without either Gualfenisin or acetaminophen.
Does DXM need either of those to do what it does?
No.
Would it simplify dosing to be sold alone so that laymen didn't have to worry about potentially overdosing on three drugs at once instead of just one?
Yes.
However, from the war on drugs perspective, that makes it "easier to abuse" to achieve it's hallucinogenic side effect. Bundled with acetaminophen or gualfenisin however, you'd have to be a chemist intimately familiar with how to seperate the other two components to distill DXM in any amount with abuse potential, and the naive non-chemist trying to get high will either end up puking their guts out (Gualfenisin OD) or burning out their liver (Tylenol OD, which is exacerbated by alcohol consumption as well).
The Tylenol one is particularly problematic, because acetaminophen is also commonly prescribed with other common multi-drug formulations that people may not realize are additive.
When you take the route of adding a substance that does harm to discourage a pattern of behavior, you are poisoning. Poisoning being the act of artificially and with intent increasing the toxicity of an imbibed substance to disincent some pattern of behavior.
This is actually based on a natural pattern of behavior by the way. There is a mushroom that is generally completely harmless... Until you drink alcohol. Metabolizing the mushroom depletes the supply of the same enzymes that detoxify alcohol (and Tylenol).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprinopsis_atramentaria
So to be clear... If you call this mushroom poisonous, and it targets the same enzyme that alcohol does, then adding something like tylenol to something that doesn't need it to do it's job, you are poisoning.
It just happens to be handwaved because in the establishment's mind, those damn druggies aren't worth caring about anyway.
Not a partaker of DXM, but very concerned with the ethical implications, and the adverse contribution to trust in public health measures that this practice entails.
First off: Amazon is NOT my first choice for a source of pharmaceutical. Period.
Second, spin through the comments. Quoted below is an example of exactly what I'm talking about:
>Active ingredient is dextromethorphan. This blocks cough receptors in the brain. Got a cough? Get this!
>2. No extra ingredients. It’s so hard to find pure medicines just for cough. Store shelves are littered with bundled products for all sorts of symptoms. I don’t like taking a bunch of unnecessary meds, so I buy single symptom products like this.
8<---
>Finally, these gels are only sold in some stores. Shelf space is limited, so they rather carry heavily advertised, bundled meds that pay bigger margins. But they are here at Amazon for a great price!
8<---
Point there being, you've got a system where being able to acquire unadulterated formulations of a substance is the exception rather than the norm.
If you look through drug applications or filings with FDA, you will find that many pharmaceutical companies favor highlighting "abuse-resistant" formulations of combo drugs, while downplaying potential harms and that marketshare of the pure drug decreases after an approval of a combo drug is achieved.
I have started to pay more attention to this sort of thing since they started toying with doing the same thing on stuff I take. I can see a blatant flex of incentive shaping when I see it, and frankly, I disagree with it.
Very vocally.
When I was much younger I had a bit of an adventurous spirit and never had problems finding pure DXM on the shelf. The issue I ran into most often was it was a frequent target for shoplifters so the name brand gel caps would often be out of stock. Usually you could find the generic store brand version though. Delsym was almost always available. The extended release may or may not be desirable depending on how long you want to trip, but IIRC you could just mix it with something acidic like orange juice to dissolve it and make it instant release. Just anecdotal I know, but that was my experience.
You can overdose from ~4 grams of APAP which you can ingest by taking 6 7.5/750 hydrocodone/APAP tablets
That's not nearly enough hydrocodone to kill you
According to this [1] the minimum single dose toxicity for APAP is more like 7.5 to 12 grams. Finding a value for a lethal hydrocodone dose is more difficult, but I did see 90 mg mentioned.
For the dose of Vicodin you specified, 90mg of hydrocodone would correspond to 9 grams of APAP. So it's a race that it looks like either one could win.
[1] https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/acetaminophen-intoxicat...
>There is no question that the upper threshold on the maximum daily allowed dose of APAP has been the subject of controversy.
Opioids kill via respiratory depression, not by destroying your organs.
I am not sure that’s wise policy, but if you don’t think Tylenol is all that bad (again, I’m not sufficiently informed to say this, but the FDA obviously thinks it’s safe), then it’s not a bad overall policy.
It sounds like it could be either situation, I’m just looking for more evidence before making up my mind. (Yes, I am aware the US government poisoned people during prohibition in this exact manner, but I dispute that has any relevance as the decision makers and cultural awareness is very different now. We’ve come a long way since the 30s)