Useless fact of the day: the special characters Apple uses to represent keyboard shortcuts in the menu bar, with the exception of Ctrl (^)[1], are all part of an ISO standard [2]. I've never really understood why they stopped printing them on the keyboard, though-- it turns figuring out shortcuts like ⌥⌘⎋ into a game of trial and error for new users, rather than something that's relatively self-explanatory.

A few of the symbols are still printed on Apple's keyboards in a few locales, but it looks like the confusing ones (option, escape) are gone in all locales on their most recent keyboards.

[1] Apple follows the popular convention from *nix here, rather than the ISO standard, which is a sort of a dharma wheel thing that I can't find in Unicode.

[2] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ISO_9995-7_symbo...

For what it's worth, European Mac keyboards have a lot more of the symbols on them, e.g.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201794

Interesting facts in Wikipedia:

"The "⌘" symbol (the "looped square") was chosen by Susan Kare after Steve Jobs decided that the use of the Apple logo in the menu system (where the keyboard shortcuts are displayed) would be an over-use of the logo. Apple's adaptation of the symbol — encoded in Unicode (and HTML) at U+2318 ⌘ (HTML ⌘) — was derived in part from its use in Scandinavian countries to denote places of interest. The symbol is known by various other names, including "Saint John's Arms" and "Bowen knot"."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_key

Funny, I just realised where I had seen the icon before while reading your first sentence. Then later it was confirmed in the same paragraph.

Thinking back, I can only remember once instance of the sign and it happens to be just around the corner from where I grew up.

And just for kicks, if someone wants to see it in action: https://www.google.co.th/maps/place/Guml%C3%B6sa+Kyrka,+288+...

Sweet Volvo 240.

Looks like a beautiful place.

And Apple II's used the Apple logo. There was an Open Apple and a Closed Apple

> I still have no idea what the option key is for

It's for "⌥".

Yes, that's not ideal, and it's a striking UX failure on Apple's part that the keycap says "option" while the menu says ⌥ - all the more striking given Apple's generally well deserved reputation for getting that kind of thing right.

Same goes for control and ^ - granted, Unices have represented Control as ^ since forever, but part of the appeal of a Mac is supposed to be that you don't have to be a grizzled hacker to understand it.

That said, how does it take (more than) a decade to learn these correspondences? Not that I don't understand your complaint here, and I agree it should be fixed, but...I mean, this stuff doesn't seem all that hard.

After reading your message, it just clicked to me that the option symbol could be a fork in the road.

It is meant to be like a switch (schematic symbol for a SPDT switch), i thought?

https://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-6f64cb39bfdaae2f7e097f...

Had exactly the same thought. Was never aware - and now I'll recognize the symbol going forwards!

The low road at that. Nice catch.

I use option and control all the time for muscle memory keybindings, but every time I see "⌥" or "^" as a shortcut in a menu, I need to check which is which. After all the time I've spent on cli, you'd think I'd have "^" memorized by now, but for some reason it doesn't stick.

The key has had the word option on it for several years now.

Aye, but on newer mac keyboards it lacks the symbol. So you have that funny symbol in the menus, and you're supposed to divine (you're a new user, remember) that it means "option" with no visual similarity.

> on newer mac keyboards it lacks the symbol.

Only on American keyboards, apparently.

How odd! But I believe you are right [1], all two dozen Apple keyboards have the option (aka "alt") key, including the "British" one, but not the "English" one... (Who's the imperialist now ;-)) Perhaps the idea is that the average user only needs the option key for non-ascii characters like £, so Americans won't need it.

[1] https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201794

Oh wow! I stand corrected, mostly. I was not aware that was an American thing. How very strange.

It's in flux. International English keyboards (a bit different layout from US and not the UK one either) used to have the symbols. The most recent iteration has the command symbol, but not the others, it says "control" and "alt option" on them. Still has a symbol on the return, delete and tab keys instead of US-style labels.

> how does it take (more than) a decade to learn these correspondences?

Because it only comes up maybe once every two months and by the time I need the knowledge it has fallen back out of my brain.

Why? It's no different than pressing "Windows + D" to display the desktop on a PC.

As for the characters ⌘, ⌥, etc. they are printed on the key themselves...

Edit: Also, ⌘ historically denotes a place of interest. ⌥ is visually taking an alternative path... it's a straight line which goes parallel. It's the key for alternative functions... alt on pc.

⌥ is not printed on any key on the Mac I am using, and I am sure ^ on top of 6 is not the ^ parent mentioned. I agree with parent, these are ridiculous.

They are on non-US apple keyboards, the US keyboards use the text "alt" and "option" and so on.

I've always wondered why they don't put the symbols on the US keyboards yet use them in the UI anyway.

Could be that it's difficult to describe over the phone which keys are alt/option/command/control? "The one with four loops" vs "the one with forking road" would be funny :D

I'm typing this on a (2015/2016) non-US keyboard without them.

It's printed on lots of macbooks? http://regmedia.co.uk/2011/09/15/apple_macbook_air_11in_mid_...

Thought: _hmm there's a business opportunity of lemonade stand scale here_.

Sure enough: https://www.amazon.com/WhatKeys-Keyboard-Shortcut-Stickers-W...

$8 would have been instant click. I program for a living on a Mac and still can't remember the damn 'option' symbol in shortcuts.

$20...? Hmmm. Not so much. Where's that silver sharpie...

I feel like your complaint is a little silly. ⌘ is Command and is printed right on the keyboard, Shift is an up arrow, and ^ is instantly recognizable as Control if you've used a Unix ever.

The only one that's really strange is ⌥, which by elimination is Option.

See it as a switch in a railway track: something that gives you an option as to where to go.

That is way easier to remember than "Swedish Campground", which we only got because there otherwise would be too many apples on the screen (http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?story=Swedish_Campgroun... the Apple 2 had 'closed Apple' and 'open Apple'. See http://www.macworld.com/article/2867994/think-retro-open-app...)

UX by elimination - mystery meat navigation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_meat_navigation) for your keyboard.

Mystery meat doesn't really apply here, as keyboards are not supposed to be obvious -- they are supposed to be "learn once and then remember forever".

You don't want to be looking "where's the key with the Alt sign" or whatever key you want to find every time you need to hit it.

Ideally a keyboard could even be totally black -- and fancy touch-typing key-switching keyboards are.

I found ^ the difficult thing. Although working with PCs for more then 20 years (although mostly Windows, only some Linux) I had no idea that it could mean Control. And therefore I needed to google what it means as an OSX keyboard shortcut. ⌥ was obvious, as it is printed on my keycaps, ^ not.

I miss open-apple and closed-apple. I guess I didn't realize that Apple took those away at some point, and that the command and option symbols aren't printed on the keyboard anymore. Weird.

I am still not sure why PC keyboards have a context menu key. I've only ever pressed it by accident.

Well, then you haven't been using macs for a decade, but for a year, times ten (and that's totally fine, unless you're leaving arrogant comments on HN about "why we tolerate this or that"). I've been using macs for about 5 years and I still learn new useful features and shortcuts, and having 3 modifier keys is so useful (e.g. emacs + iterm2 + spectacle) that I can't see myself going back to linux/similar. ETA: also, brew is lovely for people who want a stupid simple package manager

>and having 3 modifier keys is so useful (e.g. emacs + iterm2 + spectacle) that I can't see myself going back to linux/similar

Linux has control, alt, and meta (aka "super" or "the Windows key").

gotta love X. super is not meta, and you forgot hyper too. also, shift (although most people just use it for the obvious).

Seven? What?

There's Control, Option/Alt, Command, and Shift. Four modifier keys. This is the same set you have on other OSes, except there, Command is called Windows Key or Super.

Yes, Apple has symbols as abbreviations for Control, Command, Option, and Shift. Yes, Option is also called Alt. But it's not really all that complicated.

The problem isn't the number of modifiers, the problem is that Apple uses symbols for them in the UI that over time it has progressively removed from keyboards, and which have no obvious connection to the names on the keyboards (except for Ctrl sometimes getting the same ^ treatment on other platforms, this just isn't the case outside of Apple.)

The vast majority of Windows desktop keyboards do not have a fn key.

But all laptops do.

I'm on a Chromebook Pixel 2, and it doesn't have this key. So, no.

What I really meant was Windows laptops as the parent was expressly mentioning Windows desktops. I did not know about the Chromebook though. I am curious though does it have F keys which are usually the ones that are used with the Fn key on Windows?

Older Apple keyboards didn't have them either. I'm using one right now.

Option, Escape, Meta, Alt, Control, Shift: ŒMACS