European here - it's easy, the solution is called conduit

Bosch also sells those huge ass drills here that take a few minutes to make a 2-3 cm hole through concrete to pass those conduits between floors/rooms. They're not available in the Americas?

Patching sheetrock is 10x easier than concrete and looks way nicer. Protruding conduit does not look good.

Isn't the conduit inside the ... whatever ... plaster? ... you put over the hard concrete wall, I don't know the name in english?

It's definitely not protruding in my home... and it's all conduit in the walls.

Drywall is common in north america. It's ~1.25m×2.5m×1cm sheets of gypsum sandwiched between a heavy paper, and plaster is only used to bridge the seams. It's almost always screwed down, and adds significant rigidity to a stick-framed wall. Cement walls are often (but not always) finished by stick-framing a false wall and then screwing the drywall to that.

I've built three houses in the USA. I don't use conduit everywhere, but have always installed some in places where I think I might want something in the future. I've never regretted it.

Most useful was from my attic (not livable space) up in the trusses to my basement utility room. When I convinced a local WISP to use my roof for a back haul and access for the neighborhood it saved them (and me) from running wires all over the outside of my house and was a quick, clean install.

Conduit is common in commercial work here, but almost never in residential.

Hiti Diamond Drill