In your hyper-financialized viewpoint, the CEO's job should be to make as much money for him/herself as possible.
No, the CEO is meant to optimize not for themselves, but for the owners of the company. If the CEO didn't do that, the board should fire them.
a) how board members are compensated
b) what type of people are appointed to boards
A good start is https://www.investopedia.com/articles/wealth-management/0404...
If leadership is financially incentivized for positive outcomes, why shouldn't they carry downside financial risk as well?
Ultimately, the comp for the CEO is set by the board and that is determined by supply/demand (which inputes performance of the CEO). Penalizing someone for one mistake in anticipating the future would make a company so risk averse that returns would be very low - not a good outcome for the owners.
If he suffers no negative consequences then in what way is he taking responsibility? This is just meaningless psychobabble. He could not say it and it would be no different.
That said, when someone says they're taking full responsibility there's an implication that they're going to take on pain or consequences. I don't say I'm taking full responsibility for washing my car when it gets dirty. Not saying he should be fired or take a pay cut, just that he said something dumb and did a terrible job of reading the room.
If your comment ("CEO takes full responsibility") is suggesting s/he should be fired or compensation reduced because of their misread of the future, that would be quite silly.
Companies don't fire people for making mistakes (in fact if you make no mistakes you probably should be let go because you're not pushing the boundaries enough or taking sufficient risk). Reducing comp as punishment would also not make sense, for obvious reasons.