* in "shared source" form
In contrast, by 1984, Stallman had already formed a close working relationship with a competent lawyer (Eben Moglen) to devise a legal strategy to maximize the probability that everyone will continue to enjoy a list of freedoms (chosen by Stallman) around any software put under the GPL.
I mean if we're going to split hairs and play this game, SCO claimed ownership to alleged Unix code in Linux which wasn't initially resolved until 2008 or so (and further continued for another decade). That never stopped anybody.
Is that the measure: a complete OS? When exactly did GNU ship a complete OS?
IMHO none of the above is relevant to the question which was first. IMHO both were not first. IBM, among others, were shipping source code with their product, until they didn't. OSS is and was a reaction to an only object model. And there were seeds at Berkeley and MIT.
And Stallman isn't strictly responsible for the MIT strain. As Keith Packard said in his "A Political History of X", the X11 project chose not use the GPL license, because Stallman was simply too annoying.
Was this necessary? What exactly are we arguing about again?
The fact that BSD was incomplete is relevant because it illustrates the fact that the only people who could run BSD were shops that had a source-code license for the proprietary AT&T Unix.
>> When exactly did GNU ship a complete OS?
> the only people who could run BSD were shops that had a source-code license for the proprietary AT&T Unix.
So -- finally! -- that's the measure of OSS? I must run on non-proprietary systems? And you figure that Linux is the first non-proprietary system in 1991? Not 4.3BSD released in 1989?
And not simply the source code? So -- OSS that runs on Windows or MacOS or VMS is not actually OSS? I wouldn't say so.
I think you can understand my and others reluctance to state definitively Stallman was first, when by a dozen different metrics he wasn't. I'm still trying to understand what he was supposedly first at? First to find a lawyer?
Linux is important. GNU is important. BSD is important. And they remain important. I don't think any of them are made more important by distinguishing only one and not the others. Like -- as much as it pains me to say it, because of how I loath Stallman and the FSF, GCC was more than important to the entire ecosystem for years, until LLVM, it was required.
I want to say around 2006 or 2007 was the first time a 'normal' *nix hacker could install and boot[0] a complete GNU OS[1] and get something resembling work done (ie edit and compile C code in vi or emacs).
[0] without having to to a bunch of bootstrapping steps and other hackery
[1] Technically 'shipped' by Debian rather than GNU/FSF
So 5 years after he started with an empty repo and some political ramblings?
GNU did not have a working system until Linus released Linux in 1992. They had pieces and components which were worthless on their own.
There is a lot of deliberate ignorance of public domain code being posted on BBSes at the time. I'm not discounting anything Richard did but let's not rewrite history here.
Or around 4 years after the first public GNU Emacs release, 4 years after the first public GNU Bison release, 3 years after the first public GDB release, and 2 years after the first public GCC release.
> GNU did not have a working system until Linus released Linux in 1992. They had pieces and components which were worthless on their own.
Correct, just like how the initial public BSD release was just the networking stack (worthless on its own).
> There is a lot of deliberate ignorance of public domain code being posted on BBSes at the time.
Not sure where you got that from. Nobody claims that Stallman was the first one to come up with publicly releasing source code. I will say that a lot of the "public domain" software from back then lacks the uniformity you see from later movements like free software or open source. Some of it isn't even public domain, and has a license like "this is copyright me, any modified copies must have my copyright statement preserved, this software may not be used for commercial purposes".
Whether or not GNU had an OS or would ever have an OS has nothing to do with anything, though. What are you trying to illustrate? Those "pieces and components" are some of the most used pieces of software in history.
People were installing GNU onto existing Unix systems because GNU was better than they were distributed with. Maybe they did that with components of BSD Net/1 - no one has ever told me they did but it probably happened - but that was definitively post GNU.
Anyway, I'm not sure if this matters so much to the debate. Stallman was reacting to a change. He rambled politically and wrote some code to back it up because he used to be able to do things, and now he could only do them if he would write some code and win some allies.
Of course the answer to your question depends on the definition of 'open source' and 'impactful'.