examples please, because so far i have only seen this from common lisp and smalltalk. there is also pike where i can reload classes or objects at runtime, thus avoiding a full restart, but it's not as closely integrated as in smalltalk and you actually have to build your app in a way that allows you to do that.

Java supports live debugging and profiling.

But that’s not the same thing at all. If you’re debugging an exception in Java, you cannot continue execution as if the exception had not been thrown at all. With Common Lisp’s condition system you can.

Umm.. you can throw an exception, you can return to previous call frame, you can reload modified classes. If you want unlimited code modification, you can use dcevm https://github.com/dcevm/dcevm

https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/altering-the-program-s-e...

The question was whether you can debug a live service while it's handling live traffic. Not whether you can fix it. Java can definitely do the former, and definitely can't do the latter.

my question specifically was which languages/runtimes allow you to actually make changes to the code in a live process without restarting it.

Your question moved the goalposts. Making change to a running system wasn't part of db48x's claim to which dleslie responded. It was explicitly excluded, in fact.

ok, fair, but what i am asking about is a feature of common lisp (and smalltalk or pike), so i didn't pay attention to the exclusion. that was not deliberate. my bad. (maybe you could say i moved the goalpost back to the original topic)

JavaScript immediately comes to mind.

how do you do it? in the browsers debugger? maybe, but that is not integrated with your actual source files, so you have to be careful to track your changes and copy them to your source. that may help in some cases but isn't really practical.

It's not always usable, but Visual Studio offers this for C# (works most of the time) or C++ (works in fewer cases because of the terrible header model)

but you wouldn't be able to use that on your production server, would you?

* * *

I don’t think that they do. I know that Erlang has something similar; you can reload a module and it will gradually replace the old code as processes are replaced. In principle you could debug a single thread in a C (or C++) program without stopping the others, and some IDEs will let you edit the code and recompile while the program is running (they patch out the old function definition so that it jumps to the new one instead), but good luck doing that in production.

But don’t forget that in Common Lisp, you can redefine classes at run time as well as functions. All existing instances of the class will be updated to the new definition, and you can provide the code that decides how the old fields are translated into the new ones if the default behavior is insufficient. Good luck doing that in C or C++.

My favorite story involved a race condition that was discovered in the code running on a satellite, after it had been launched. The software on the satellite was mostly written in Common Lisp (there was a C component as well), so they opened a connection to the satellite, started the REPL, debugged the problem, and uploaded replacement code (which obviously added a lock or something) to the satellite all through that same REPL. While the satellite was a hundred million miles away from Earth, and while it kept performing it’s other duties. You can’t do that on a system which merely dumps core any time something unexpected happens.

Said "software on satellite" story is from Ron Garret, for anyone interested.

https://flownet.com/gat/jpl-lisp.html

> During that time we were able to debug and fix a race condition that had not shown up during ground testing. (Debugging a program running on a $100M piece of hardware that is 100 million miles away is an interesting experience. Having a read-eval-print loop running on the spacecraft proved invaluable in finding and fixing the problem.