In Norway a card transaction with the national system BankAxept costs 0,06% + ~$1 cent per transaction [1], in the US the fees are usually at least a percentage point or two.
Visa/Mastercard in Norway is about as expensive as in the US. The US doesn't have a widespread miniscule fee/no rewards card network option however, like BankAxept is in Norway.
Some are better for groceries, air fares, or hotel bookings and pay out in different ways(cash, or an abstract token system that is formulaically tied to redeemable goods and their USD worth.)
This whole system is financed through credit card transaction fees that are applied to the business owner's expenses during the transaction. Note, the customer is not meant to pay for this fee and business that tac this fee onto the customer's bill can have their license taken away by the company that provides in the interface(VISA, MasterCard, etc.). The whole system is really interesting and worth a read on Wikipedia.
That's part of it, but isn't another big piece of it financed by interest payments from people who don't realize that you're supposed to pay off your entire balance every month?
I love your chutzpah, but you don’t get to do that math that way. The 2% doesn’t compound, it’s a one-time thing (unless you’re continually rolling over your BNPL purchases)
For example, if you’re debating whether to use a 2% rewards credit card or to use BNPL and keep the difference in a savings or money market account for 90 days, the latter strategy only wins if that account is yielding more than ~8%. Or if you’re deciding whether to use BNPL to let you pay down other debt a little faster, it’s only worth it if the interest rate on that debt is above ~8%.
Does every cash purchase also have an infinite APR? Because there I’m paying $200 for nothing. If that’s not logical then where does it start being logical?
a) pay with a 2% reward credit card
b) pay with BNPL scheme with a 3 month term.
In the scenario a) you effectively paid $98 right away and in the scenario b) you pay $100 but after 90 days (let's say you don't have monthly payments for simplicity). For b) to be no more expensive than a) you need a way to make at least $2 from a $100 investment in 90 days. This means that whatever investment you make with the $100 has to yield 8% annually. Even though you withdraw money after 90 days.
If you have monthly payments you need even higher yield to compete with the 2% reward. E.g. if you pay $33.33 every month then you need to make 1% yield per month to collect $2 off your initial $100 in 3 months: you get 3 months of yield from the final $33.33 payment, 2 months of the previous payment and 1 month of the first payment for total 6 months yield from $33.33. That's 12% annualized yield.
Scenario 1: You use a credit card with a 2% cash back reward to make the purchase. You immediately pay off the credit card balance and claim the $20 of rewards. Your net cash flow is -$980 at time 0.
Scenario 2: You buy a 3-month zero-coupon CD for $980 today, and then use 3-month BNPL to make the purchase. In three months, the CD earns $20 of interest. You cash in the CD for $1000 and then use that $1000 to pay off the BNPL. Your net cash flow is again just -$980 at time 0.
The annual effective interest rate yielded by the CD for scenario 2 to work out exactly as described is roughly 8% (actually around 8.42%).
You’re incorporating a theoretical (and unrelated to 2% credit card rewards) interest rate into your calculations. I could easily say a CD yields 10% and this is a 50% APR then.
EDIT: Maybe to help you think about this: this is a purchase loan. It is not a cash loan. You got $1k worth of goods for $1k dollars. You can make arguments about opportunity costs, but that’s different than the traditional concept of APR.
EDIT 2: I’m posting banned but indulge me, what’s the APR of cash purchases?
Don't think of equalizing the terms by extending the BNPL. Think of equalizing the terms by shortening the CD.
> You’re incorporating a theoretical (and unrelated to 2% credit card rewards) interest rate into your calculations. I could easily say a CD yields 10% and this is a 50% APR then.
I'm not claiming that the ~8% interest rate is real. My calculations mean that if you can get that rate or better, then you should use 3-month BNPL, and if you can't, then you should use your credit card with 2% cash back instead.
> EDIT: Maybe to help you think about this: this is a purchase loan. It is not a cash loan. You got $1k worth of goods for $1k dollars. You can make arguments about opportunity costs, but that’s different than the traditional concept of APR.
I fail to see how that makes any difference.
> what’s the APR of cash purchases?
It's either the highest APR of any of your debt, if you have any, or the risk-free APR you could get from a savings account otherwise.
Yes, by your logic it is literally an infinite APR. $200 numerator / 0 years denominator. Doesn’t that imply that maybe your formula has some holes in it and this is a fundamentally different transaction (a take rate rather than an interest rate) than what you’re characterizing it as?
You get $200 rewards on a $10k purchase.
In no world do you get $800 on $10k. You only get $800 on $40k because the 2% isn’t a rate in principle so 8% literally never happens.
Secondly, you are supposed to invest money you aren't going to use for at least 5 years. That's a much longer horizon than most product purchases. Why? Sometimes stocks/real estate/crypto/etc. goes down. Have you checked the markets lately?
Normal people generally have to hold a certain amount of cash anyway since they do not have access to collateral-backed revolving lines of credit and because they can’t afford to lose money that they know they will need to send in the future.
Unsurprisingly all the BNPL maximalists do not live under those constraints.
lol. Supposed to?
So BNPL is not a compelling offer for those who have good enough credit to have credit cards.
Ultimately the merchants are footing the bill and then they pass it on to consumers in the form of higher prices, further reinforcing the need to pay via BNPL to capitalize on the arbitrage opportunity. Kind of like how everyone pays with credit cards for the rewards.