If you want to use TOR and onion sites, I don't think this really adds anything to those.
I think this just helps you optionaly crowdsource bandwidth.
What makes torrents special is that all leechers CAN be seeders, that don't have to be though.
The distribution technology is really interesting but certainly not censorship proof.
Are you sure about that. The downloader is the one making the copy. The uploader is merely inducing the creation of said copy.
Yes, it's easier/more efficient to go after the uploader, but that doesn't immunize the downloader.
> Don't forget that the admins can be in different countries, making their legal pursuit a nightmare.
The US govt does multi-country activity all the time.
This all ends once you start uploading it, tho. You cant upload it, period. Problem with torrents is theres no checkbox to signal "stricly no upload", you can only set limit to few kb/s to minimize this issue, but technically even few bits can still get you prosecuted.
(edit: following is wrong, perhaps germany is same as Czech, see child comment) In Germany, its a different story. You cant even donwload, not by torrent or even from sites. I know of people receiving fines in their mailboxes with IP/Date/Site/Material list and finig each piece by ~200€.
Source: was caught and got council from a copyright lawyer.
This is not correct - you still make a copy and the copyright holder could still sue you over it, but it's just not worth doing. It's not legal to do so, the Czech Republic is a signatory to the Berne Convention, it's just not a criminal offense. Which to be honest is the situation in virtually every country in the world.
You don't expose your data layer directly to the consumer, you expose an api that will resolve to one, two or several databases from one or many peers. The indirection allow you to define your rules and use your data layer in a way that fits your application goals in the best way possible.
So whats is immutable is your application, api and initial data, which you can mutate at later stages through other torrents or by consuming other api's from other peers and mutating your initial database state.
The problem is, the current browser is not meant for this, Javascript is not meant for bigger and complex applications (of course you can do it, but..)
Given tech like described in the linked article, you could reasonably lookup such a function from a peer-to-peer network.
> each function is identified by a hash of its AST.
That encoding for mobile code only works if the expression has no free variables (i.e. is closed).
It turns out that it is surprisingly difficult to write code which you can be sure has no free variables at particular points (the "send this code to another machine for execution" points). Especially in functional languages. If you write a higher-order functional, you know nothing about the closedness of its argument. If you require that all function arguments be closed it breaks all the useful functional programming techniques. The only way to make it workable is to check closedness only on those values which need to be mobile.
If you do the closedness-check at runtime, toy examples will work fine and the technique looks quite powerful, but once your codebase gets to a meaningful level of complexity it turns into a game of whack-a-mole with closedness heisenbugs. You quickly discover that closedness is data-dependent.
In order to check closedness statically you need quite a sophisticated system of modal types. MetaOCaml was the most usable result of all this research:
https://okmij.org/ftp/ML/MetaOCaml.html
The important upshot here is that this isn't just some check you can slap onto the compiler. The programmer has to think about these types, and craft them carefully, as an integral part of the programming process. Basically you aren't just writing a program, you're writing a program plus a proof that it won't try to mobilize open code. Writing formal machine-checked proofs is not something that most programmers are good at.
As to the specific discussion of free variables and open/closed arguments, I have to admit I have no background or education in the theory behind programming languages. Other than going through about 50% of SICP about a decade ago, I also have very little experience with functional languages.
What has been fuelling this interest lately is learning a bit more about stack based languages like Forth. My extremely primitive understanding of such programming models suggests that a function/word in that kind of programming context is closed over some defined portion of the stack. So my naive mind considers that one could grab as much stack as necessary along with the word to be executed and just pipe that over to some other execution context. Of course, details matter and there are probably several important ones that I haven't even considered that would make this naive assumption border on impossible. However, it at least seems more reasonable to attempt than crawling through a heap trying to gather everything.
In general programs, doesn't have to be functional, the environment is stateful and often has abstract, black box processes. This can be transferred as well, by copying some things, transforming others, and in general where necessary using a two-way pipe of some kind. By analogy, imagine creating a WebSocket at the same time as making a JSON-RPC call.
Except for the black boxes, this kind of transfer can be taken further to make a general distributed system. Think things like Paxos, Raft, CRDTs. If the data is also mobile to where it is used, this performs well for many tasks. When that is done, in some ways everything comes back to messages and state again and doesn't need specific pipes. That's more robust then the simple form of transfer.
The resulting architecture is often much faster than the non-distributed version for many tasks, and robust, but it takes a lot of tricky parts to make a general purpose architecture with those qualities and stay high performance.
You can copy them in a pure functional program if the function AST you're transporting is sufficiently expressive, because the values of the unbound free variables in pure FP are available at the point where the function is defined, so can be inlined into it, and included in its hash.
But when it's not pure FP, then indeed you can't copy the values into the function AST, because the environment at the point of each call to the function is what matters.
(The pipe stuff is just for making it more efficient, and handling black boxes which sit outside the paradigm of concrete values, things like I/O monads and devices).
Here's a trivial example:
\f -> \y -> (runRemotely (\x -> f y x))
For this trivial minimalist example you might cook up a one-off hack like lambda-abstracting the free variables in the runRemotely expression and then reapplying to the returned value, but there are much more complicated and insidious examples where these workarounds don't work.
It's a free variable, not a variable bound by a lambda.
Anyone who shares content (whether a file or a byte) exposes themselves in one way or another and can be targeted. Anyone else remember the “good old days” when torrent sites stood up in the face of the law and yelled “we host nothing illegal because we host nothing!” and they were right. Then the law firms started joining the swarms to collect IP addresses of everyone that shared with them.
Now they rarely bother trying to sue IP addresses. The legal ability is still there, it just turns out it’s not worth the cost to sometimes collect a few hundred dollars from someone who can’t afford it.
When we talk about transformative tech, we have to immediately consider the “standard scenarios” because being blind to them is how most technology trips and falls. Pirating (especially live PPV events), illegal porn, utterly violent videos, information on making weapons, letting children access same and/or mixing them in with adults in unsafe and unsupervised spaces, openly anti-government statements in countries where they make people disappear, and so-on.
These things happen. And they happen faster and more intensely than most programmers can handle. The only way to keep tools like this viable is to build the tech with those in mind.
But that's also the fatal flaw. It's pretty definitionally true of stuff on the web that the person who owns / controls it wants to be able to change / update it. That isn't really supported at all at present for this distribution method, and it's hard to see how it could be in the future without introducing a single choke point.
Case in point: the vast majority of torrent traffic is for new torrents, because people want to download the stuff that's just been released, not the stuff that they either already have or could have had months ago. You lose 100% of this traffic with this "p2psearch" method, because the database can't be updated. Or if it can be updated (stick it on a traditional website for people to mirror), you rely on everyone updating to the newest version of the database.
It's also incredibly slow compared to traditional sites. It took longer than it took me to type this comment to see a single result for the popular title I tried to search for.
however, as implemented, all that is needed is for the user of p2psearch to refresh and the browser to pick up the latest database. i imagine most users are not keeping torrent search open 24/7, so this doesn't seem onerous.
it's probably a bit of a process for the host of the frontend to update the database, prepare a new torrent, update the code [0], and then rebuild the bundle regularly, but this could be automated.
regardless, it doesn't seem so unreasonable from an end user perspective, and i personally don't mind if my torrent search index is behind by a few days.
[0] https://gitlab.com/boredcaveman/p2psearch/-/blob/main/src/Me...
Right, I suppose I didn't put my point very well, but as I see it there are only two options:
* Everyone gets their code (with the built-in torrent for the database) from the same source, presumably the source that created / seeds the database. In this case the host is arguably just as vulnerable to the authorities as The Pirate Bay. If p2psearch doesn't make torrenting more resilient than TPB, what purpose does it serve?
* One brave citizen creates and hosts a single copy of the database, and it goes viral. Lots of people host it. It never gets updated, because the whole point of using IPFS / torrents is that everything can be addressed statically. In this case the advantage of p2psearch is obvious - it functions as a DHT with a built-in search that is more or less impossible to take down! On the other hand, the lack of mutability greatly reduces the value, since as I said in my OP most torrenting is focused on new releases.
You get other features with it for free. Popular chunks will be easier to obtain as many have them and preservation starts with rare pieces. You'd want common use to be fast and uncommon to complete eventually.
If a new torrent uses the same folder name the new files will appear next to the old ones but if so desired the old files may be duplicated into the new torrent.
Its not IPFS but it works.
If you can get a person or organization to sign off on the data I'd say its a feature rather than a bug?
Let the professor publish his data set and let interested parties store it without much effort.
In the Napster/Torrent era once I found a video, document or audio I was interested in, it was very easy to find again without having to worry about archiving it myself.
If you know better ways of doing this you should describe them.
So sure things are "unkillable", but depend on someone/somewhere decided it's worth storing that particular chunk. Seems strange to pair "unkillable" which depends on someone somewhere that "might" do something.
Much like how IPFS was easily oversold, great you can find things hosted anywhere on the planet, but if you publish 1M files and expect to magically seem them hosted elsewhere a year later you are likely to be disappointed.
I do wonder if it would be a better approach to replace filecoin or similar complex trust relationships with a simple peer to peer trading program. Something along the lines of "Lets trade 128MB", trust but verify, then watch uptime/availability. For clients up less than a month, give them the free 128MB and watch, 1-3 months trust them enough to store data with a 20x replication, 3-12 months 10x replication, over a year 5x, whitelisted peers of friends/family 3x.
In my case i've implemented a new "browser" based on Chrome that allows this to work, without having to resort to browser-only infrastructure (for instance applications can dodge Javascript and also call RPC api's from other applications directly).
The applications and the applications data are distributed over torrent and managed to work together in the same environment as a flock where one app can consume its own apis and also the api's from others.
service Search {
rpc doQuery(string query) => (array<string> result) // the access to the sqlite db from torrents is encapsulated here
}
---
This posted link could be another piece of the jigsaw (Solidity, IPFS, IPNS, ...) that I think will come together to make interesting apps in the future. Solidity doesn't mean necessarily spending $100 to make a function call - there are other chains, off chain stuff being developed, and you could host a private chain for your app.
While none of this stuff can do something new you can't do with Postgres - you can create more open and perhaps 'honest' applications where everyone can see the data-engine and understand it. So it is more of a cultural shift. For example, if you make a Twitter this way, you don't need to rely on an API. The data is there for everyone, all of it.
For example, take Uniswap. It's not a company like Facebook, it's an open protocol. Swapping tokens is now functionally open source because of that. There is no "Facebook of swapping tokens". And this can be used as a building block for other apps. Not necessarily just "gambling" or "trading" either.
While I generally agree with the principle that there is a conflict between things people say they want in terms of anonymity etc and what they do want (security for chargebacks, credit etc etc), there are still increasing trade use cases, especially around sex, that are heavily discriminated against.
You just described any transactional medium, including cash. Prove me wrong.
(which I must add because of concerningly wide quickness to attack, is not eth or ecologically impactful tech)
Pretty damn powerful. The next level above this is a search index that lets the user generate their own results, using their own machine learning algorithm or ranking weights of their own preferences, bc they would have direct access to the DB index and features. People could wrote anti-ad plugins. There could be foss upgrades all the time. Nobody would have to spend a particularly crazy amount of money on storage if they could all just cache the bits they’d needed themselves. Quite remarkable imo!! Whatever ends Google search’s reign, will probably be user-owned in a way that seems a lot like this..