Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by shambolicfroli on Sunday December 16, 2018 @01:21PM
(#18694294)
Hmm. When I had a skin cancer excised by a surgeon, in a followup visit a woman with no ID came in and made a point of taking closeup photos of full-face and profile. When I asked she said this was standard (for minor skin cancer removal).
(Same place, where I walked into the room for the procedure, they had Carole King singing "it's too late" at loud volume on a portable stereo sitting on the ground.)
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by gumby on Sunday December 16, 2018 @04:13PM
(#18695270)
I was considering doing a startup addressing skin cancer and a number of Mohs surgeons were happy to have me come in and observe the entire process. To the patients they'd just say "he's observing today" and not even introduce me or ask the patient (or me) to sign anything.
I have a friend whose startup cared was doing a surgical product; after I told him my story he called up a bunch of plastic surgeons and went and observed a bunch of them.
Both of us were interested in workflow; the actual science we had done on animals of course, but our research was aimed at seeing if the product would be viable (could be medically wonderful but if the doctors don't care they won't use it on the patients, even if it improves outcome).
I don't think we could have done this at a hospital, but given that it was surgery (surgeons have a lot of freedom) perhaps we could have.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by nradov on Sunday December 16, 2018 @07:32PM
(#18696134)
Yes it's standard practice for many dermatology procedures. They need a baseline to check for changes during follow up exams. Sometimes they do a poor job of communicating this to patients. You can always refuse.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by reaperducer on Sunday December 16, 2018 @06:40PM
(#18695959)
When I had a skin cancer excised by a surgeon, in a followup visit a woman with no ID came in and made a point of taking closeup photos of full-face and profile. When I asked she said this was standard (for minor skin cancer removal).
I had that happen to me, but it wasn't my face where the excision happened, or that was photographed, so it may really be standard procedure. My guess is so that in follow-up examinations it can be determined if any remnants remain and/or spread.
But my incident was about 20 years ago. Today I would be very suspicious, like you are.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by zeta0134 on Sunday December 16, 2018 @01:05PM
(#18694200)
Agreed. Biometrics doesn't even quality as something you have. It's something that you are. If your physical key gets compromised in some way, you can generally have a new one issued. But you can't just re-issue your face.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by Andre607 on Sunday December 16, 2018 @05:18PM
(#18695602)
Biometrics is third-factor authentication (something you are). Its purpose is to supplement second-factor authentication (something you have), which is in turn meant to supplement first-factor authentication (something you know). You can also add a fourth factor (somewhere you are, or location) as an additional authentication factor as well. But it's this key point --that biometrics is meant to be one layer of multi-factor authentication -- which vendors seem to have ignored by conflating its function as supplement with its function as replacement, which it is decidedly not.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by edoo on Sunday December 16, 2018 @05:37PM
(#18695685)
It seems similar to a personal challenge question like "What is the name of your High School". Your face is public information, just like that knowledge, but can be used in a security process to statistically decrease security breaches.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by PhasmaFelis on Sunday December 16, 2018 @03:01PM
(#18694871)
The way it was explained to me is, a fingerprint (or whatever) is quite difficult to copy...but as soon as you scan it and send it over a network for verification, it's no longer a fingerprint but a datastream just like any other password, except that this is a password you can't change if it gets compromised.
Therefore, biometrics can conceivably be useful if used cautiously on a single device or a well-secured local network. As soon as you start sending them over the public internet or anywhere else that it's possible for a hacker to intercept, all advantage is lost.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by illumin8 on Sunday December 16, 2018 @11:32PM
(#18696904)
If you're sending the biometric over the network you're doing it wrong. Apple uses a secure enclave and the biometric (fingerprint or facial scan) never gets extracted from the chip, ever.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by dragonwriter on Sunday December 16, 2018 @06:14PM
(#18695842)
> On the other hand, biometrics is a quite decent username, better for this purpose than some nickname or email address.
Well, biometrics may be better than an a third-party email address in some cases (harder to lose throguht third-party action), but often worse than a first-party email address (e.g., Gmail for a Google account) or a nickname, for the same consideration.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by ClassyJacket on Sunday December 16, 2018 @10:41PM
(#18696776)
I disagree. It's far easier to look over somebody's shoulder as they type in their password than it is to 3D print a copy of their head. I think most of the disdain for biometrics on phones is because Apple were the ones to popularise it, and tech people hate anything Apple does.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by matt4077 on Sunday December 16, 2018 @01:37PM
(#18694387)
<something you have> + <something you know> = <something you are>
Sounds ok to me, at least in the weird arithmetic of this tired talking point that invariable makes an appearance every time the subject is discussed, usually in a tone of letting us in on some great, newly discovered revelation.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by mikeash on Sunday December 16, 2018 @02:31PM
(#18694701)
I don’t think people keep behaving like it’s not true. They just have different priorities.
Yes, “something you have + something you know” is more secure, but security is not a binary thing, and people’s real world behaviors need to be accounted for.
Before biometric authentication was available in cell phones, I had no passcode at all. My device’s security was just the physical security of the device itself. Constantly entering a passcode was just too much hassle, let alone a proper high-strength passcode. Moving to biometric authentication massively improved my security. Lots of people I know were in the same boat, or maybe had a four-digit passcode equal to their birthday and/or ATM PIN.
It’s not foolproof but it’s good enough for almost everyone.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by ridgeguy on Sunday December 16, 2018 @05:56PM
(#18695771)
It could be a combination of something you have (your face) and something you know (for example, that your right eyebrow has to be raised for face unlock to work).
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by bsenftner on Sunday December 16, 2018 @03:55PM
(#18695180)
Within the security & digital forensics industry, it is best practices to require a minimum of 3 separate biometrics for anything requiring financial authentication capabilities. Apple is not respecting this best practice.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by null000 on Sunday December 16, 2018 @06:56PM
(#18696003)
Considering I don't use face unlock on anything I care about (most financial apps, for instance, are protected by strong passwords and/or fingerprints) and the sheer fiddlyness of 3d printing, if they can get a scan and print of my head off, they earned what they find. Have fun looking through a bunch of porn and reddit shitposting, I guess.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by DanAndersen on Sunday December 16, 2018 @02:41PM
(#18694761)
Does anyone know if there's anything about the unlocking method that requires the model to be 3D-printed?
It seems like you could render the 3D model of the head on a monitor and point the phone's camera at the monitor. If the phone needs to see some sort of parallax change relative to its own motion (from internal sensors), then one could put a 6-DOF tracker onto the phone and use it to update the rendered viewpoint of the head (a form of user perspective rendering).
Such an approach would be quite useful for law enforcement to gain access with much less time waiting for printing.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by bsenftner on Sunday December 16, 2018 @03:52PM
(#18695163)
With software and multi-frame analysis they can/will add logic looking for the micro-pixel 3D pulse of the blood flow in your skin. That is how it is done is security clearance grade FR; I write it, and my employer sells to those types of contracts, so... just give Apple a beat, and they'll have it.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by lifekaizen on Monday December 17, 2018 @12:55PM
(#18700635)
Wow, thanks for that. An infrared laser, I stand corrected.
>To detect whether there is something in front of the iPhone X, it is believed that the phone uses a "time-of-flight" (TOF) sensor, powered by an LED-based infrared illuminator... If the TOF sensor detects an object, it triggers the iPhone X's True Depth camera to take a picture. If that reveals a face, the phone activates its dot projector, shining a single infrared VCSEL through an optical system to create 30,000 spots while its infrared camera captures an image. It sends both regular and spottily illuminated IR face images to an application-processing unit (APU) that can recognize the owner and therefore unlock the phone.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by alansammarone on Sunday December 16, 2018 @04:39PM
(#18695432)
No such luck with the iPhone X, though. Apple's investment in its tech - which saw the company work with a Hollywood studio to create realistic masks to test Face ID - has clearly paid off. It was impossible to break in with the model.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by _tulpa on Monday December 17, 2018 @06:10AM
(#18698227)
The IR camera and the dot projector they use it with are in the near IR range (as in wavelengths near the visible part of the spectrum). It’s mostly only used to get depth data, and it’s near-IR so that you don’t get a bunch of visible dots projected onto your face every time you use it.
I guess you could see temperatures, but you’d have to point it at something almost hot enough to emit visible light. For normal face temperatures you’d need something sensitive to far IR.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by _tulpa on Monday December 17, 2018 @08:38PM
(#18703890)
I mean... A quick search would show you that masks can work. But I’ll bite.
It’s really precise 3D with a greyscale non-thermal IR image.
Could be inaccurate masks? Missing details around the eyes and mouth and other important areas? Do masks have eyes with a discernable gaze direction? Do they have microexpressions or natural facial deformation? Do the eyes move?
There’s a buttload of stuff they could be measuring that is insanely hard to replicate with a mask. Besides, a thermal map would be pretty much useless even if the hardware was capable of thermal imaging. Skin temperature varies a lot (and not always uniformly) based on ambient conditions, physical exertion, being sick, sitting in direct sunlight, etc, etc.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by rtkwe on Tuesday December 18, 2018 @10:03AM
(#18706839)
Hmm I wonder if it is gaze detection. Seems like if you can detect gaze direction fast enough you could use the presence
or absence of saccades to tell if it's a real live person or not. Doing that in a mask/bust would be fairly difficult.
It could also be looking at small changes like the periodic flushing that happens (see [0]). Though I'm not sure how well that would work on a moving phone but it could work I think just at a broader scale. FaceID is really fast though so not certain there's enough time to gather the data for that either.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by DanAndersen on Sunday December 16, 2018 @02:44PM
(#18694775)
For now, at least.
Some companies have massive annotated databases of people's faces from different angles, and the ability to do plausible 3D reconstruction of the faces.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by cronix on Sunday December 16, 2018 @04:03PM
(#18695220)
Yes, like some DMV's do facial scanning now, and some cities/counties are hooking it up to Amazons Rekognition with cameras mounted in public as well as Palintir software, among others. The FBI tends to use those DB's too. I'll stick to my password, which is actually constitutionally protected, unlike a face, which can be seen from public.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by bsenftner on Sunday December 16, 2018 @03:59PM
(#18695200)
Yep. My employer has several hundred thousand laser scans of real people, spanning every age, gender and ethnicity on the planet, multiple times over. Our FR system can perform 24 million high quality 3D reconstructions per second with two cores at 3.4 GHz. It's pretty amazing.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by intopieces on Sunday December 16, 2018 @09:03PM
(#18696451)
Just one, but that's the point. Don't present the person holding my phone with a chance to enter a password or passcode unless you know it's me, by scanning my face.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by lern_too_spel on Sunday December 16, 2018 @11:37PM
(#18696920)
Do any Android users actually use face unlock? It always seemed like a gimmicky feature from the early days of smartphones when everyone was just trying to build up their patent portfolios.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by sidkhanooja on Monday December 17, 2018 @01:02AM
(#18697187)
I use a OnePlus phone (don't know if HN users have heard of it), and OP users rarely use the fingerprint unlock.
Although the user is definitely compromising on security, the speed of face unlock is such that it is near-instantaneous. Double tap the display, and you don't even have to blink - the phone unlocks.
It may be a gimmick in the early days of Android (think Nougat or even Oreo), but it's definitely not a gimmick now, for me at least. It's fast enough to have proved its worth.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by gumby on Sunday December 16, 2018 @04:15PM
(#18695279)
The Forbes link is indeed better.
Forbes links seem to have a poor rep on HN because they are mostly poor blog entires that could have been on medium. The one you posted was an exception.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by rootusrootus on Sunday December 16, 2018 @02:53PM
(#18694819)
It works the other way around. The presence of your paired, and unlocked iPhone will unlock the Apple Watch (provided it is on your wrist at the time).
I have found many compelling reasons to buy the watch even though it can't unlock my phone. It can unlock my computer, but it's not much of a revelation, it's not that hard to type in my password quickly on a physical keyboard.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by gpm on Sunday December 16, 2018 @08:06PM
(#18696255)
The watch could delete the unlock code when removed from you wrist.
You could further make it so that the phone would lock if unlocked by the watch, and it was removed from the immediate vicinity of the watch or the watch was removed from your wrist.
Re:Breaking Into Android Phones with a 3D-Printed Head
by MBCook on Sunday December 16, 2018 @09:40PM
(#18696559)
The big problem with this approach is the password. You need some sort of password on the watch to make it secure.
Now where is it going to be easier to enter a good, secure, password? A six inch phone? Or on a tiny watch screen?
It would be nice if my watch could unlock my phone I guess. But I have a hard time seeing how it would be more secure than the reverse that’s currently true.
At least until we get “WristID” that uses the pattern of blood vessels under where my watch sits on my wrist.
I have a friend whose startup cared was doing a surgical product; after I told him my story he called up a bunch of plastic surgeons and went and observed a bunch of them.
Both of us were interested in workflow; the actual science we had done on animals of course, but our research was aimed at seeing if the product would be viable (could be medically wonderful but if the doctors don't care they won't use it on the patients, even if it improves outcome).
I don't think we could have done this at a hospital, but given that it was surgery (surgeons have a lot of freedom) perhaps we could have.
I had that happen to me, but it wasn't my face where the excision happened, or that was photographed, so it may really be standard procedure. My guess is so that in follow-up examinations it can be determined if any remnants remain and/or spread.
But my incident was about 20 years ago. Today I would be very suspicious, like you are.
Therefore, biometrics can conceivably be useful if used cautiously on a single device or a well-secured local network. As soon as you start sending them over the public internet or anywhere else that it's possible for a hacker to intercept, all advantage is lost.
Well, biometrics may be better than an a third-party email address in some cases (harder to lose throguht third-party action), but often worse than a first-party email address (e.g., Gmail for a Google account) or a nickname, for the same consideration.
I've been hearing the exact same arguments against biometrics in every thread on the topic long before Apple even did biometrics.
Sounds ok to me, at least in the weird arithmetic of this tired talking point that invariable makes an appearance every time the subject is discussed, usually in a tone of letting us in on some great, newly discovered revelation.
Yes, “something you have + something you know” is more secure, but security is not a binary thing, and people’s real world behaviors need to be accounted for.
Before biometric authentication was available in cell phones, I had no passcode at all. My device’s security was just the physical security of the device itself. Constantly entering a passcode was just too much hassle, let alone a proper high-strength passcode. Moving to biometric authentication massively improved my security. Lots of people I know were in the same boat, or maybe had a four-digit passcode equal to their birthday and/or ATM PIN.
It’s not foolproof but it’s good enough for almost everyone.
To wit: "[..] four Android models and an iPhone X.
Bad news if you’re an Android user: all four phones unlocked with the 3D printed head."
It seems like you could render the 3D model of the head on a monitor and point the phone's camera at the monitor. If the phone needs to see some sort of parallax change relative to its own motion (from internal sensors), then one could put a 6-DOF tracker onto the phone and use it to update the rendered viewpoint of the head (a form of user perspective rendering).
Such an approach would be quite useful for law enforcement to gain access with much less time waiting for printing.
There are definitely follow-up enhancements that could be investigated, some of which are likely to get past iPhone's checks too.
Actually it might be possible to hack if your screen could output IR wavelengths.
[1] http://spie.org/newsroom/faces-light-up-over-vcsel-prospects...
>To detect whether there is something in front of the iPhone X, it is believed that the phone uses a "time-of-flight" (TOF) sensor, powered by an LED-based infrared illuminator... If the TOF sensor detects an object, it triggers the iPhone X's True Depth camera to take a picture. If that reveals a face, the phone activates its dot projector, shining a single infrared VCSEL through an optical system to create 30,000 spots while its infrared camera captures an image. It sends both regular and spottily illuminated IR face images to an application-processing unit (APU) that can recognize the owner and therefore unlock the phone.
Seems like an interesting challenge to create a heated fake head.
I guess you could see temperatures, but you’d have to point it at something almost hot enough to emit visible light. For normal face temperatures you’d need something sensitive to far IR.
It’s really precise 3D with a greyscale non-thermal IR image. Could be inaccurate masks? Missing details around the eyes and mouth and other important areas? Do masks have eyes with a discernable gaze direction? Do they have microexpressions or natural facial deformation? Do the eyes move?
There’s a buttload of stuff they could be measuring that is insanely hard to replicate with a mask. Besides, a thermal map would be pretty much useless even if the hardware was capable of thermal imaging. Skin temperature varies a lot (and not always uniformly) based on ambient conditions, physical exertion, being sick, sitting in direct sunlight, etc, etc.
It could also be looking at small changes like the periodic flushing that happens (see [0]). Though I'm not sure how well that would work on a moving phone but it could work I think just at a broader scale. FaceID is really fast though so not certain there's enough time to gather the data for that either.
[0] http://people.csail.mit.edu/mrub/vidmag/
Edit: changed 'circumvented' to 'fooled'
Grant does a heck of a double-take, though, at one point. It is a fun episode so I won’t spoil it.
Some companies have massive annotated databases of people's faces from different angles, and the ability to do plausible 3D reconstruction of the faces.
No, the passcode might be in your head, but if someone sees you in a CCTV entering the passcode, it's not only there anymore.
Although the user is definitely compromising on security, the speed of face unlock is such that it is near-instantaneous. Double tap the display, and you don't even have to blink - the phone unlocks.
It may be a gimmick in the early days of Android (think Nougat or even Oreo), but it's definitely not a gimmick now, for me at least. It's fast enough to have proved its worth.
Please submit the original source to HN!
Forbes links seem to have a poor rep on HN because they are mostly poor blog entires that could have been on medium. The one you posted was an exception.
That might have been a compelling reason to actually buy one.
I have found many compelling reasons to buy the watch even though it can't unlock my phone. It can unlock my computer, but it's not much of a revelation, it's not that hard to type in my password quickly on a physical keyboard.
You could further make it so that the phone would lock if unlocked by the watch, and it was removed from the immediate vicinity of the watch or the watch was removed from your wrist.
Now where is it going to be easier to enter a good, secure, password? A six inch phone? Or on a tiny watch screen?
It would be nice if my watch could unlock my phone I guess. But I have a hard time seeing how it would be more secure than the reverse that’s currently true.
At least until we get “WristID” that uses the pattern of blood vessels under where my watch sits on my wrist.
Basically the workflow could be "type password into phone after putting on watch, to unlock, then things just work until you take off the watch".