Or, a "crash" as defined a dramatic plunge rather than a downturn over time is usually some kind of feedback loop where prices falling creates expectations that prices will drop even further and so on, often if the market is mostly driven by greater-fool-theory herd behavior.

What even is the market? If it's the people in it, and they're smart, why did they buy subprime loan investment instruments and nuke the housing market and lose all their money?

A democracy where people vote with their money. Since their is significant risk involved, said people are assumed to do at least some due diligence/research before placing their "votes." And for that reason people have confidence that markets are right/smart, because why would so many intelligent people put themselves at enormous risk by placing their confidence in a bad investment?

Of course if the original investors get rich, eventually this leads to ignorant people (i.e. people who have not done their research) jumping in and the smart market becomes something else.

I know I am oversimplifying

I only ask because most of what I've been reading has assumed the market is irrational.

And that, famously, _never_ crashed.

Housing prices crashed after most of the negative voices capitulated and bought into the speculative fervor, until there were no more buyers.

Today, nearly everyone's gut instinct is that cryptocurrencies are scams, frauds, bubbles, Ponzis and tulips.

Popular sentiment has been negative for years. How will this thing unravel before the majority capitulates?

On the other hand, a large secular demand will always exist for housing. The same is not true for bitcoin.

For completeness, "housing crashed when lots of people who had bought housing on credit turned out to be unable to service the debt and couldn't sell to someone else for more than they paid"

That italicized part is what caused the downward spiral, and that's the part that's relevant to Tethers and cryptocurrencies.

Most people with worries about escalating real estate prices had capitulated and bought in before the crash. With no more buyers, the self-reinforcing cycle went into reverse.

With cryptocurrency, the vast majority of wealthy people already think it's a scam, bubble, Ponzi or fraud. Unclear how a bubble can form when most people think it's a bubble.

I think that bitcoin prices are being primarily driven by long-term speculation - if everybody hoping to flip BTC for overnight profit exited the market tomorrow, it wouldn't make that much a difference in the end. Wouldn't surprise me if I am wrong though.

I don’t think that many people are really holding onto tethers all that much; who has tethers to sell? Bitfinex itself?

How many levels of deranged libertarianism are you on? The market never makes mistakes?

> I see the same shit with real estate.

Right, and the real estate market spectacularly imploded and took the global economy down with it when it turned out the market was wrong. Is that your point?

> When there's information that all market participants know, the market price should reflect that information.

It should, but it empirically does not. "The market can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent" - i.e., smart investors know that you don't bet against a bubble, even if you're 100% right that it is a bubble, unless you have very deep pockets, because you can't know how long it will continue to grow (and thus how much money you'll lose) before it pops.

Even if you know it's a bubble, the rational thing to do is to ride with it, make as much many as you can and try to get out at the right time. Hence bubbles can exist and grow even if every participant knows what's going on.