StumpWM definitely has the ability to open a number of applications in preset locations, they call it 'Groups'. I'm sure it isn't a novel feature and you'll find the same ability in a more common, less Lispy tiling window manager like Ratpoison, i3, or Awesome.

i3 at least allows this by saving layouts and restoring them. See[1]. It's not entirely painless, as there's no trivial uniform way of associating an application with a window, so you need to figure out what names etc. a given app uses for its windows and specify how i3 should map windows being opened to a given placeholder, but once you've defined it, it works fine.

[1] https://i3wm.org/docs/layout-saving.html