i3 at least allows this by saving layouts and restoring them. See[1]. It's not entirely painless, as there's no trivial uniform way of associating an application with a window, so you need to figure out what names etc. a given app uses for its windows and specify how i3 should map windows being opened to a given placeholder, but once you've defined it, it works fine.

[1] https://i3wm.org/docs/layout-saving.html