In Germany. I have a degree in mechanical engineering and am thus allowed to call myself an engineer, even though I write software professionally. Colleagues who have studied computer science cannot, as it is not considered an engineering, but a science degree. This is why most people talk about "software developers" and not about "software engineers" (in German) to avoid this problem.
That being said, most people would not actually care.
Where it should be the reverse. Science demands reproducibily where engineering just tight thresholds to function upon defined conditions, but not 100% exact.
And except for SEL4 and some small microcontrollers with Eforth, C and tons of languages have undefined behaviours.
Where specifically? I've been working as a "Software engineer" for multiple decades, across three countries in Europe, and 2-3 countries outside of Europe, never been sued or received a "big fine" for this, even have had presentations for government teams and similar, not a single person have reacted to me (or others) calling ourselves "software engineers" this whole time.