You said you were already using someone else's environment.
You can't later say that you don't.
Whether or not shell access makes sense depends on what you are doing, but a well written application server running in a cloud environment doesn't need any remote shell account.
It's just that approximately zero typical monolithic web applications meet that level of quality and given that 90% of "developers" are clueless, often they can convince management that being stupid is OK.
Accounts are basically free. Not having accounts; that's expensive.
Let's assume they need access to the full service account environment for the work, which means they need to login or run commands as the service account.
This is a bit outside my domain, so this is a genuine question. I've worked on single user and embedded systems where this isn't possible, so I find the "unprofessional" statement very naive.
If something is wrong with a server, we terminate it and spin up a new one. No need for anyone to log in.
In very rare cases it might be relevant to log in to a running server, but I haven’t done that in years.
The amount of shit you'll get for "applying your dotfiles" on a client machine or a production server is going to be legendary.
Same with containers, please don't install random dotfiles inside them. The whole point of a container is to be predictable.