These are still available: https://centuriontech.eu/product/ct63-rev-2022/

There are also expansions for the expansion! People also use the CTPCI to run the desktop on a Radeon 7500. Alternatively there is an FPGA version of the graphics chip called SuperVidel.

Did Motorola ever take it beyond 68060, seems like I've read about an 080 (probably here on HN). Or was that just in the preplanning stages?

No, but there is a third party FPGA core available which is called 68080, it's used in a modern line of Amiga accelerators and clones.

Not Motorola (or Freescale). After the 68060 they dumped the mc68k architecture outside the embedded market (68300 line) for the 88000 RISC architecture. After 2-ish generations of 88k, they dumped it for PPC.

There are numerous FPGA implementations of various folks ideas of what a post-060 mc68k might look like. There's also a 68070 from Philips that's a 68000+simple MMU+stuff; definitely not 060 class.