I feel old and you goddamn kids better be off my lawn by the time I get back with the shotgun.
The way you do it is the way it's always been done historically: offer a value proposition that justifies the money. And don't offer it for free at the beginning. People rightfully get very angry if you change the deal after they've come to rely on your product or service.
I still am clueless as to how to generate a network effect without giving things away for free. And as you said, once it's free, it's expected to remain free
The cynical me says that some people are able to generate a network effect because of fame or because of an existing network to which they belong (i.e. being chosen at YC or published in a newspaper). For example, FB was promoted to death in all US campuses for free during the 2000s. I wonder how that happened (honest question)
Are we discussing drug cartels? Because this reads literally like it could apply only to a highly criminal business.
We're just talking about a situation where some existing large interests have a lucrative business peddling some pretty addictive stuff, and they want to make sure nobody else encroaches on their turf. To that end, they're willing to spend a lot of money to "make the problem go away". Sometimes that means bringing the upstarts into the fold!
Not at all like drug cartels.
And, hey, if the business is successful, you own part of a successful business.