I keep telling the story of attempting to buy some enterprise routers. I would logon to my distributor's website, click on the CISCO SELECT range, and get blocked from the site for an attempted SQL injection ("SELECT" in the query string).

On the topic of mod_security in general, something like half of these are .php urls, and there's a good chance many readers aren't even running a php interpreter. Somewhere, there's a person attempting to convince the reader that that is exactly the sort of malicious traffic you need a WAF for.

this. so much this.

its like when i tried to view a site but i was using tor and not a mainstream web browser so i had to solve 2 captchas to proceed (one for the main domain, and one for the cdn) but the captcha also takes 3 minutes to solve because its over tor and it doesnt like the speed i moved the mouse at

This, I’d rather not use a waf and focus on making sure that application security is good.

A waf is at best as good as AV, good as a catch all, but it won’t catch highly targeted stuff, and isn’t even a defensible boundary to protect the former.

WAF is mandatory in some certifications.

Yes but so safe lots of silly controls.

The best part of a waf is the ability to add custom rules at runtime which can assist in blocking known vulnerabilities until they are remediated correctly.

I don’t think generic sql or XSS injection rules are at all effective not stop many real world attacks. I’ve also seen wafs create both an availability failure point, dos choke point, and be the most vulnerable product in the tool chain (see F5 code exec vulns).

What does AV mean in this context?

antivirus

We had to modify an application we built for a bank. Stuff could be deleted using HTTP DELETE (after authentication & authorization, of course), which was very much Verboten by their "security" policy. Instead we had to delete using HTTP GET or POST.

I recently came across a Hashcash implementation which used sha-256 instead of sha-1 because of "corporate security" forbidding sha-1.

Sadly nothing open source comes close and because of the uptick in commercial service likes AWS and cloudflare mod_security has memory leaks and other issues.

Yes, AWS and Cloudflare are better but not without their own problems. WAF is something you evolve over time to correct the false positive which may have been observed.

AWS WAF would trigger a false SQL injection attack if the URL contains two "+" chars and the word "and". Or if you have a cookie with JSON in it would trigger the XSS attack rule.

Highly recommend setting up WAF logs to output some logs aggression tool (e.g Splunk) and create reports, dashboard, and alerts about WAF trigger rules & request HTTP code over a span to time and see what is going on with your requests and how WAF is evaluating the requests.

1% of WAF blocks were real attacks, my experience is with a site that had 25 million unique visitors a month (no user content). i'm not saying you shouldn't have WAF, i'm saying nothing beats good visibitily into WAF to correct it behavior over time.

Do AWS and Cloudflare allow you to correct their false-positives? any other 3rd party WAFs worth considering?

Sadly no, you can disable an AWS provided rule but that may have other issues like you lose all detection for that attack vector. With AWS WAFv2 you can have custom rules with logic that lives in lambdas, the lambda is invoked every WAF request for evaluation based on the logic in the lambda.

There are few options on AWS marketplace such as Fortinet and F5 WAF rules. Fortinet is the better of the 2 and newer.