Exactly, I did startup before, and my take is: Rust is absolutely the worst choice for startups.

to survive startup, you need a large pool of talents, mature and verified and boring stack, easy to find tutorials, etc. The least thing you want is to spend cycles on fancy new bleeding unstable languages to build your earth shaking product.

>you need a large pool of talents

Forgive me if I'm quoting you out of context but the article mentions receiving 4000 applicants over 8 weeks time. I've hired (primarily) for Java and DBA positions, and we would be absolutely thrilled if we got even 40 applicants.

"Many didn’t actually have Rust experience at all and that’s fine, they were just interested in the idea" -- to me, that's _not_ fine. startup needs to move fast to stay above the water, it's not the best place to learn 'coding in Rust 101' IMHO

In a pool of 4000, the fact that many didn't have experience with Rust doesn't mean that there weren't also many that did have experience.

You could just filter the CVs for Rust experience and then take the most impressive 10 or 100 to interview.

"pool of talents" vs "pool of people who jumped on the hype train 2 weeks ago"

Many people are searching for Rust jobs, but few have a really strong experience with it.

> fancy new bleeding unstable language

Where does a language magically go from "new bleeding unstable" to something you think is suitable to use at a startup ? Rust 1.0 was in 2015, seven years ago.

Do you think a startup should also avoid the "fancy new" ES6 with "let" and arrow functions ?

When I see people complaining about "experimental", "new bleedy unstable" I always picture some weak developer complaining about the language not being Java 1.4 and having to learn other stuff that is different from enterprise OO invented after the year 2000. See Rust (7 years already), Haskell (older than Java), React (9 years).

They all miss their 5 million LoC mudball at the bank, because that's all they know how to do.

I'm doing some work on a friend's startup, and we have a pretty stark divide between our hot path gateway service and our lower traffic services.

All three of our services are currently written in typescript with no plans to change, but I've earmarked the gateway as "maybe we'll rewrite it in Rust in three years." It's so small it's nearly trivial (so a rewrite of that specific service will be quickish) and infrequently changed (so hiring won't be as big an issue), it deals with low latency IO-heavy workloads (so we'll possibly want a language without GC pauses), and we really don't want it to break (so it's worth more effort per line).

Not sure how a hybrid approach will work.

FYI: If you're primarily IO-heavy, the GC pauses aren't going to be a big deal. Something like NodeJS (or Async .Net) will have great performance; even with garbage collection. (IO-heavy is the specific use case that NodeJS was designed to handle.)

GC pauses really become a problem when you have long-lived objects in RAM. A generational GC (which pretty much all of them are) is designed to collect short-lived objects extremely fast.

Rust definitely has its use; but in the case of a startup making an IO-heavy product, you're going to be better off spending your precious resources on a slightly faster computer instead of struggling with Rust's learning curve.

> FYI: If you're primarily IO-heavy, the GC pauses aren't going to be a big deal. Something like NodeJS (or Async .Net) will have great performance; even with garbage collection. (IO-heavy is the specific use case that NodeJS was designed to handle.)

This just isn't true. Node is pretty terrible even at IO heavy workloads, especially if you have servers with many cores. Any benchmark will confirm this.

Is not Java or Go but surely beats the pants out of Ruby/Python, and then, Ruby/Python has been wildly successful for lots apps/companies.

Of course. It's also better than solving problems with pen and paper.

Their point is that GC is fine. Your're focusing on one of the suggestions: nodejs.

But .NET or Go are very fast for typical I/O bound workloads.

Yes, that's why I quoted one specific part and responded to that specific part.

No you included the GC part too:

> FYI: If you're primarily IO-heavy, the GC pauses aren't going to be a big deal.

To further my point: .NET and Java are amazing when it comes to performance for most cases. You get a mature ecosystem, large developer pool, fast runtime and all the comfort that GC offers.

I'd argue that choosing Rust for most startups is outright irresponsible.

Yeah fair, in my mind I was just responding to the bit about node, but whatever.

> I'd argue that choosing Rust for most startups is outright irresponsible.

I feel the opposite and I run a startup using Rust. If I could go back I'd use Rust in more places, not fewer.

Rust, Python and Go. Props to you for being sensible with technology choice.

https://github.com/grapl-security/grapl

https://github.com/grapl-security/pulumi-hcp

Whish you guys success.

Much appreciated

Not to be a pain but Node has its place in distributed, single-core servers

This is sort of highlighted by other comments, but GC is only good at small quick requests. If you're dealing with large or slow requests it results in large or long lived allocations which causes havoc with GC. This is true for any generational GC, Java included.

Also node will only perform well if that IO is offloaded to the kernel or CPP code and behind a future via epoll etc... If it's in the actual node runtime it'll perform poorly because it'll block the thread.

I don't necessarily agree. Depending on what kind of IO they're doing, the latency and consistency of latency from a rust service can be so much better while requiring so much less in terms of computing resources that it actually sets their business apart, attracting customers based on quality or saving them enough money on infra bills to hire more salespeople. It can be a big difference in performance. I have done comparisons across rust, node, java, c# and strongly believe rust is worth it for performance-criticial code, and rust is subjectively very enjoyable to write, for me. I really want a job doing it and so admittedly the "it's too hard" attitude is a thorn in my side.

Are there any good books that talk about this? When when to use what, what the bottlenecks are and how they are resolved? Maybe on a more abstract plane than if IO-heavy use NodeJS, more like what to look for?

> Not sure how a hybrid approach will work.

The hybrid approach works great. We use typed scripting languages for business logic and Rust CLI tools for "inner loops", and this balance gives us the best of both worlds.

There is an important caveat here: If you are already comfortable in Rust, then it's a fantastic tool for all sorts of things. But if you're just learning Rust, then there's a one-time cost for getting comfortable. So for a small team with zero prior Rust experience, expect to spend 2-6 weeks getting comfortable. (The learning curve is shorter if you already know about pointers and closures, and longer if it's your first low-level language.)

Your plan sounds entirely reasonable.

The 2-6 weeks figure seems optimistic to me. I think it’s easy to underestimate how long it takes to switch languages and operate at a high level of productivity in the new language. Yes, switching languages is much easier than learning to program. Yes, I would rather hire a proficient programmer who doesn’t know the language than a mediocre programmer who does. But no, I don’t think that 6 weeks is enough for most people to get their Rust skills to a professional level.

> The learning curve is shorter if you already know about pointers and closures

Every time I read something like this, I'm reminded that pointers and closures aren't universally understood concepts in professional programmers. And I'm sad.

I share this sentiment, it's kind of a bummer. I ran into this non-stop in enterprise Java/C# development environments, more specifically in developers who are not "classically schooled" (i.e. bootcampers). Fact of the matter was, they never needed to know about pointers to do their job. They only even knew the term from the "null pointer exception". I looked into the curriculum of various levels of IT studies and unless you get taught at university level there are little to no memory / hardware oriented classes. It has started to get a bit better since the introduction of Java 8 (don't look up how long ago this was, ouch) and people got familiar with "lambda's".

2-6 weeks? I wish I could learn Rust in that time.

On the other hand, you might attract talent that wants to use a specific language like Rust, but hasn't had the chance in their current professional environment.

It's also worth considering what will keep the founder(s) motivated to stay focused and do good work. Yes, using JavaScript and Electron might be the optimal rational business decision, and in theory we should be motivated solely by the problem we're trying to solve. But if the technical cofounder, who's currently the only programmer, then feels that they're creating something that nobody can really love, and they get discouraged at the state of the world that led to that decision in the first place, that's not good for productivity. You can probably guess how I know this.

> what will keep the founder(s) motivated to stay focused and do good work.

I would not want to work with a cofounder who loses focuses when they don't get to use the trendy technology. They should be focused on delivering value.

That'd be a disaster for a startup. In order to use Rust efficiently, one needs to have a significant experience with it; without experience, one wastes a lot of time wrestling with ownership, lifetimes etc.

(I do program in Rust in my (non-trivial) hobby projects).

I've been toying with Rust on and off for a few years. It has an extremely steep learning curve. As a novice it's incredibly difficult to do things that are trivial in other languages.

> On the other hand, you might attract talent that wants to use a specific language like Rust, but hasn't had the chance in their current professional environment

Maybe if you're doing something embedded? Otherwise, the learning curve is so steep that you're better off just buying a faster computer to run C#/Java/NodeJS/Python/Whatever.

There are plenty of Rust devs looking for work outside of embedded.

Also, for me Rust's speed is one of the benefits. I would default to Rust for a lot of different things where speed doesn't matter at all.

We've had 0 issues hiring for Rust, despite the vast majority of the company having no prior experience with it (or some experience on the side). The learning curve isn't that bad, maybe you just haven't dedicated the right time or you've had trouble learning it in isolation.