Your browser opens the connection to the original website and downloads the base page. That base page references images and js and fonts hosted elsewhere, so your browser opens a connection to download those images. At this point the browser could pop open a dialogue box that says "Hey you said you wanted to communicate with foo.com but I need to grab a pic from bar.com is that cool?"
At no point in this use case does foo.com send anything to bar.com
IE 6 in the default configuration did something like that with its yellow bar, IIRC, and all it amounted to was the fastest known method (minutes, for me) to provoke warning fatigue and make people vulnerable, seeing as the same UI was used for installing ActiveX controls.
(Could be it did that all additional resources, though, not just those from a different origin? I don’t remember since I disabled the whole thing near-immediately even when I did actually use IE 6.)
This is unworkable from a usability perspective for as long as hotlinking to external resources is so commonplace. And a user permission might not be an effective way to do this, anyway, given the imbalance in bargaining power, as already seen with adblocker-blockers and such. (See also the 2006 paper, “A pact with the devil”[1].)
Anyone with half a brain and a real intent to reduce tracking would have mandated websites abide by the existing Do not Track toggle. Unfortunately the law was instead introduced by politicians with strong lobbying from media industry. So no brain, and no intent to reduce tracking.
Yes, and the result of that nuance is less privacy and more annoyance. It's an open invitation for sites to use dark patterns to get you to "agree" to tracking. (In fact they "have" to use dark patterns because they specifically aren't allowed to offer you anything in exchange). Either banning tracking outright or requiring sites to obey the DNT header would make much more sense.
If the law was instead “no non-essential cookies may be stored when the do not track flag is set”, consumers would be far better off. But that’d cause significant financial impact to the media companies that lobbied for the current wording, so now the whole world is screwed.