The crime of illegally distributing documents would be brutally prosecuted in the US, possibly outside the legal system. Whether it's jihadi material or pirated Disney films.
You didn't ask about genocide in the comment I replied to.
> The guy was actually accused, tried and convicted of a crime, probably involving the distribution of jihadi material.
The police seized 125250 copies. I doubt jihad is nearly that popular. (His city of Hetian only has 400,000 inhabitants.) But importing any kind of religious publication beyond a small amount for personal use requires express permission http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2007-04/20/content_589295.htm paragraph 10. Most likely it was just an edition of the Qur'an that hadn't been officially approved by the Islamic Association of China.
A man surnamed Ibrahim (so probably member of a Turkic Muslim minority) was sentenced to 10 years in prison and a fine of 200,000 RMB for illegally importing and selling illegal religious and/or pirated publications.
Whether that's evidence of "China imprisoning populations solely for having a different religion and culture" depends on how much emphasis you put on the "solely". If he'd actually been licensed, he probably wouldn't have been arrested, but on the other hand I know a woman selling all kinds of Taoist snakeoil, and I don't think anyone's bothered to investigate her, so his religion likely played a role.