I don't usually pay much attention to self-checkout (call me a luddite, but I find regular checkout to go faster and with less hassle), but the other day when standing in a queue, I looked at the ceiling and saw a ton of cameras - one camera per self-checkout station, + some extra in the general area. Additionally, each checkout station used a big tablet as its main display, and each of those tablets had the usual built-in selfie camera - I'd be surprised if these cameras didn't take photos of customers using the stations.
Quite a few, but I don't know that they're gonna help if I scan the small steak but put the giant one in my bag. Again, the scanning isn't happening at the self-checkout. They just get used for payment.
I can also void out an expensive item mid-shop. Unless someone's getting a real-time ping with my exact current location in the store in the security office when I do that, no one's gonna be checking.
For (a), if a customer comes in with an odd return scenario / complaint, a fair number boil down to "what actually happened when they were originally here?" Camera provides documentation of that, and asset protection can review, and the make things right. E.g. the "bought thing, but didn't make it into my bag" scenario.
For (b), it's post-hoc identification & ad-hoc warning. Organized theft rings typically hit multiple stores in an area. Retail has gotten very good at sharing snapshots of individuals very quickly in those scenarios. And it's worth it, because a single organized theft incident will be a couple orders of magnitude larger than all your common theft for a month. E.g. $10,000 worth of product vs $100.
In that regard, it seems more risky to try any funny business with it. With the traditional self scans, cameras aside, it's quite easy to fool them, and they are reliable and predictable machines. I'm sure it would be easy to slip something at the bottom of your bag, but if you get caught on an audit, I'm sure it sets a flag to audit you more often.
The scan-at-end checkouts can be used without identity, where as the scan-as-you go, at least for my supermarket, you have to log into an account linked to your identity before it's used. This may deter a lot of casual theft.
I mean, consider a classic old-school store (talking pre-supermarkets and pre-big-box stores) where a clerk would fetch what you wanted. Much harder to steal there. Save money by not paying enough clerks to handle that and making customers pick out their own stuff, and now customers can/do steal more.
Same with stuff like self-checkout, I'd expect. Might also increase the rate of honest mistakes resulting in accidental theft, though I've seen so damn many of those errors from paid clerks that I wouldn't bet on it.