- clarity: while not everything has a right or wrong answer, but lots of things do
- robustness: it's okay for people to disagree with you, and also for you to be wrong and learn from it
- reason: avoiding the standard fallacies
- agreeing to disagree: individuals you know/interact with and your relationships with them are more important than abstract tribes you may or may not belong to
How do you teach someone to self-analyze and understand where their problems are actually coming from? To question their own conclusions and rethink what they know?
Still, it's possible to improve the current education system, by a lot. The current "learn this, don't ask why" doesn't work, and to make it worse, parents can be just as uninformed and stubborn as their kids, so they'll come to school raising hell over their lil' precious' bad grades.
In the case of political discourse, that may improve the case around some 'fringe theory' concepts which add fuel to the fire, but it's not going to stop the core 'fire', which is driven by philosophy/ethics/metaphysics.
People need to be able to break the 'fourth wall' in these debates in order to question their philosophical biases, and empiricism-as-answer-to-all-problems is also a philosophical bias - eugenics was seen by many as 'scientific virtue' in the 1920s, as one obvious example
2. No speech limitations should be placed on online discussions unless it deviates away from rational debate.
3. Newsfeeds are sorted by popularity AND scientific accuracy.
4. All opinions about an issue, article, or topic are categorized and mapped on a spectrum. Meta data for quick analysis: how does my opinion compare to my peers?
I hope I still, before I'm banned, managed to demonstrate that it is nigh impossible to tell the difference between the most extreme satirical absurdly totalitarian opinion, and actual "progressive" thought these days. And now they have both chambers.
Teaching with current level of science as hard baseline is already a place where some western countries like US fail (ie evolution vs creationism topic).
I don't think the change I mention is in direct interest of many governments, so its more like a pipe dream and an additional burden on parents to drill this into their kids.