Isn't the answer... most industries? My understanding is that large companies in all domains are heavily populated with executives and managers who came straight out of business school and into a leadership position.
There are those who rise through the rank and file up to the executive position too. I don't know the relative fractions are. But all of those kids who get business and management degrees end up somewhere, right?
Post-experience business school (MBA) can do that (that's usually leadership of 1-2 kids straight out of school), however to get an MBA you need work experience ... which means yeah, you have done the entry work somewhere
Note: I am not saying that they have done "basic" work (as in: developing code, flipping burgers etc.). But they definitely are not launched into leadership position without ever having done anything.
Even if so, that somewhere doesn't have to be the same industry you go with your first (usually not top-level) leadership position, and neither of those may be the industry in which you end up moving into a top-level leadership position.
In fact, i suspect more than half of them basically failed upwards. I can't be sure about this, because in many cases I could only see the piss-poor job they were currently doing, but I've experienced the incompetent junior-to-senior manager pipeline up close often enough that I wouldn't be surprised these senior managers were previously incompetent junior managers.
That's really not true. No one goes from MBA to a CxO leadership position at a large corporation. To pick 3 random examples:
CEO of McDonalds managed one back in 1993 and was the CEO of two other fast food restaurants
CEO of Caterpillar started in 1980 out of college at a company Caterpillar eventually bought.
CEO of CVS started out as a pharmacist at a drug store in that was acquired by CVS in 1990.
Someone in a leadership position typically will have spent decades serving in roles with increasing responsibility in their industry.
In pretty much any industry where the “basic work” isn't white collar professional work, executives tend to have very little if any experience with the basic work. Where the basic work is white collar professional work, that's somewhat less common, but it is still not unheard of to have executives with general management experience but not experience with the basic work of the industry (EDIT: Or even industry-specific management: recruiting executives whose qualifying experience is in a similar executive role in a different industry isn't uncommon; a CxO chosen who was formerly a CxO with the same value of x in a different industry is common.)
Most? Sorry for the blunt answer, but I really don't know how this can even be a question. The "I worked the assembly line and now I'm the CEO" is Hollywood fiction or outright lies in 99% of the cases.
Do you have a citation for 99% or are you... bullshitting?
Is it somewhere online?
Not to belabour a point sibling comments have already made but I think it's the other way around, actually. Much more common to have a CEO in tech who has been in the trenches than in other industries.
Compare the likelihood of a tech CEO having some software engineering/programming experience to the likelihood of an oil and gas executive having worked as a roustabout or a welder, or a healthcare industry exec having done rounds as a doctor or nurse.
Jeff Miller of Halliburton was a field manager.
Mike Wirth at Chevron is a chemical engineer and Chevron lifer.
Ben can Beurden of Shell is a chemical engineer and a Shell lifer.
Clay Williams at NOV is a petroleum in engineer.
Bob Dudley at BP is a chemical engineer and a BP lifer.
Paal Kibsgaard at Schlumberger is a petroleum engineer.
Ryan Lance at ConocoPhillips is a petroleum engineer.
I could go on, you get the idea. These CEOs have definitely been in the trenches.
Margins are fat enough in most tech verticals that operational efficiency often takes a back seat to driving the top-line. And once your growth starts to plateau, in comes a bean-counter CEO with a finance background.
management: 'that's not a helpful attitude right now'
From wiki, "Apodictic" or "apodeictic" (Ancient Greek: ἀποδεικτικός, "capable of demonstration") is an adjectival expression from Aristotelean logic that refers to propositions that are demonstrably, necessarily or self-evidently the case.