Post-experience business school (MBA) can do that (that's usually leadership of 1-2 kids straight out of school), however to get an MBA you need work experience ... which means yeah, you have done the entry work somewhere
Note: I am not saying that they have done "basic" work (as in: developing code, flipping burgers etc.). But they definitely are not launched into leadership position without ever having done anything.
Even if so, that somewhere doesn't have to be the same industry you go with your first (usually not top-level) leadership position, and neither of those may be the industry in which you end up moving into a top-level leadership position.
In fact, i suspect more than half of them basically failed upwards. I can't be sure about this, because in many cases I could only see the piss-poor job they were currently doing, but I've experienced the incompetent junior-to-senior manager pipeline up close often enough that I wouldn't be surprised these senior managers were previously incompetent junior managers.
That's really not true. No one goes from MBA to a CxO leadership position at a large corporation. To pick 3 random examples:
CEO of McDonalds managed one back in 1993 and was the CEO of two other fast food restaurants
CEO of Caterpillar started in 1980 out of college at a company Caterpillar eventually bought.
CEO of CVS started out as a pharmacist at a drug store in that was acquired by CVS in 1990.
Someone in a leadership position typically will have spent decades serving in roles with increasing responsibility in their industry.
Isn't the answer... most industries? My understanding is that large companies in all domains are heavily populated with executives and managers who came straight out of business school and into a leadership position.
There are those who rise through the rank and file up to the executive position too. I don't know the relative fractions are. But all of those kids who get business and management degrees end up somewhere, right?