Certainly a lot of authors have extensively re-written their own work in galleys--if you poke around, you can see photographs of some of Proust's editing of his own work.
As for Nabokov, he had, like many other famous authors, a contentious relationship with editors.
> By “editor” I suppose you mean proofreader. Among these I have known limpid creatures of limitless tact and tenderness who would discuss with me a semicolon as if it were a point of honor—which, indeed, a point of art often is. But I have also come across a few pompous avuncular brutes who would attempt to “make suggestions” which I countered with a thunderous “stet!”
It seems his wife did a lot of editing:
> Nabokov wrote Lolita while travelling on butterfly-collection trips in the western United States that he undertook every summer. Véra acted as "secretary, typist, editor, proofreader, translator and bibliographer; his agent, business manager, legal counsel and chauffeur; his research assistant, teaching assistant and professorial understudy"; when Nabokov attempted to burn unfinished drafts of Lolita, Véra stopped him. He called her the best-humored woman he had ever known.”
What work was further done at the various publishing houses I don’t know, but the first edition, published by Olympia, was “riddled with typos,” which would indicate little additional editing was done for this edition. The typos were corrected for the American publication.