Here is what developers want:

    Platform independence 
    Choice of tools/language
    Control of customer data
    Hardware independence

Here is what corporate platform owners (Google, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon etc) want:

    Platform lockin
    Minimal support costs (one language, one SDK)
    Control of customer data
    Control of the ecosystem
    Hardware independence
    A vig on every transaction 
    

There are very few intersections between the interests of developers and the interests of platform owners (be that Apple with iOS or MacOS, Google with Android, or MS with Windows). This is why the web will win IMO, it's one of the few platforms focussed on what customers and developers want, and not owned by a single corporation (though Google has come close).

> focussed on what customers and developers want

I would hardly agree with the modern web being focused on what "customers" want. How many web pages today hijack scrolling, fill the screen with ads that lie on top of the content and don't scroll with the page, and so on? How much bloat is there? How many MB of unnecessary JS frameworks must be downloaded, often on a metered data plan, to support all of that? The web is a horrible mess these days. It may be a rip-roarin' good time for (some) developers, but it's absolutely awful for users.

Compared to app platforms, I think it is more open and more focussed on readers and devs. The problems you list are annoyances of some websites, not even the majority. For example they don't apply to the site you are currently on not hard limitations.

In contrast iOS forbids other payment systems (see deliberately limited kindle app) and browser engines. Android forces manufacturers to prominently feature lots of google products.

I don't know how good it is, but there is a company called RemObjects Elements http://www.elementscompiler.com/elements/ which cross compile Windows (.NET), Android (Java), iOS (Object C / Swift), Linux/Android (C++).

I'm developing a game with React Native [1], and I have a single codebase that works on iOS, Android, Windows, and web (via react-native-web, although it needs a lot of work.)

I've had to write a few 'native modules' for various platforms, but it has to be platform-specific code anyway (e.g. ad networks, in-app purchases, game services)

I've been looking for a way to write some native code that I can compile to JS, and have decided to use C (or C++) with emscripten [2]. Rust or Kotlin might be fun, but I'm comfortable with C and it's easy to compile for iOS, Android (NDK), and Windows.

[1] https://sudoblock.com

[2] http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/

Rust should be just as easy to compile for those platforms.

Using something you're comfortable with is good though!

Yeah, that recent post [1] gave me a bit more confidence. Ooh, and it looks like I can compile Rust to wasm with emscripten! [2] I might have to reconsider Rust.

[1] https://michaelfairley.com/blog/i-made-a-game-in-rust/

[2] https://users.rust-lang.org/t/compiling-to-the-web-with-rust...