There's plenty of blame to go around to be sure, but giving the NSA a pass for developing zero days is batshit insane. These guys are playing god instead of helping make infrastructure more secure overall, and it will not end well, even if they outcompete the Chinese or whatever other bogeyman they cook up to justify their power grab.
Proprietary software makes you rely on a company to fix everything. It's like driving a car without being able to replace a flat tire.
No one expects perfect software; but this clearly happened because Microsoft's software was broken, the NSA found where, and horded and then lost control of that knowledge.
edited: I understand what you mean about people not patching and leaving themselves vulnerable. A lot of pain could have been prevented at that level.
Long term support ended in May 2013 for desktop. But Ubuntu patched the bug in March 2017 for all current supported versions of Ubuntu.
Then the NHS got his with the bug.
How does free / non-microsoft software protect against a shitty decision to not update / upgrade?
By not bundling upgrades with what is essentially malware, and making them as inconvenient as possible.
If I am running Ubuntu 10.04.4, and I hear about serious malware that relies on a security hole that is patched upstream, I have the opportunity to patch it myself, and keep running Ubuntu 10.04.4 as long as I want.
That being said, it's disingenuous to compare unpatched Windows 10 with unpatched Ubuntu 10.04. It is totally unreasonable to think you are secure using an unsupported OS, but it is a lot more reasonable to think you are secure running Windows 10 just a couple months out of date.
1. why would anybody want to keep 10.04 alive?
2. do you think the type of people who stubbornly continue to use 10.04 would know/care enough about security to seek an alternative source for security patches?
edit: should maybe add why this pisses me off: just logged into a production server running 12.04, default install apache and updates _turned off_. the owner looked confused (and slightly bored) when I explained the problem to him.
I do think that's important to recognize that there is model under which an organization can. I'd even argue that it's a more "free market" than that of single-source proprietary software, too. If there's a market in maintaining non-proprietary software someone will pop up to fill it (even if it's just a lone-wolf consultant). With proprietary software that can't happen.
Whether or not an organization or individual chooses to maintain software is an orthogonal concern to the model under which they maintain it. Even when there is a free market for maintenance some will opt to eschew maintenance. Personally, I'd like those organizations to pay the cost by way of data loss, downtime, going out of business, etc.
I'm not overly worried about it. I think traditional regulatory and risk management will eventually catch up. Someday (hopefully sooner, rather than alter) businesses won't be able to get basic insurance policies unless they can prove they're doing IT maintenance, for example.
Even if you pay money for the windows 10, it is unlikely to even start on the hardware that XP ran on. Not only will the people have to go through the budget to pay for the software, but now you need a full upgrade plan.
To put this in a concrete example. If a hospital had a check-in system running 12.04 they could just take someone internal from IT and go and fix it. If it was Windows XP then they need to go through finance, then get a offers from competing companies, fitting the upgrading into the budget, and last have people installing it in each of the hospitals entrances. The first case has a project length of days and the other of months and in worst case years.
It reminds me of the story about a thirty year old Commodore Amiga running the AC system for a school district. The district finally decided to modernize the AC for $2 million, but until then it was just cheaper and easier to continue paying a person to run it every year. Replacing hardware systems is expensive and political complicated, while continuing paying an employee is just status quo.
> Assuming these hospitals keep updating and do not get stuck at Ubuntu 10.04.
It's that simple.
If someone wants to continue using outdated software, they will want to keep supporting it. Free software lets them do that. Proprietary software specifically forbids it.
So, 1. because there is a community outside of a major corp who are active, so it isn't a burden on Canonical. 2. yes? see 1.
Should any IT professional not have upgraded from 10.04? No. It's free to upgrade, unlike Win which, remember, isn't a single upgrade, licensing is per user.
I am so happy that win10 patches are mandatory despite all the whining. In fact, I want them to take it one step further and adopt the ChromeOS update model.
Or just stick to CentOS and with their 11 years support period.
For cost, CentOS, on it's own, is free. Support costs you of course, but the updates are coming down from RedHat for which there is enough money flowing in already, so support in this case means a sysadmin who understands CentOS and those are not that rare, not even that expensive.
Backwards compability is another topic, especially with the rise of systemd.
If the corresponding software is not included in any official or semi-official repositories (EPEL, for example), but is distributed with source, you may need someone to recompile it every 11 years, when you change mayor versions. I think this is reasonable to expect, though there might be issues for certain, especially if it involves Gnome3.
For those that are distributed without source code - well, that is the same problem as with XP, but usually it's possible to strace why it fails and fix/replace/dosomemagic with the underlying libraries it's depending on.
When this is not possible you can still create a container image with the old code to run it with.
With all the power out there even in the office workstations we could:
- install a base, damn stupid linux as hypervisor
- run windows in virtualbox with shared folders
- use btrfs for the shared folders and keep daily snapshots for a few weeks
If you get a virus, drop the image, get a new one, restore the snapshot, done.
If anyone is already using something like this, please tell, I'm curious.
User level ABI has had no important incompatibility since the glibc released with the kernel 2.6 (don't remember the version). That was some 15 years ago. Most applications didn't even break at that time, and core libraries promise more stability now.
That's nothing similar to the compatibility break between Windows XP and Vista. That transition broke most of the older applications, at the kernel level.
First i hear of this, so MS did a damn good job of papering over it.
The only Windows breakage on the software level i have noticed is the jump from 32-bit to 64-bit, and that has more to do with CPU modes than Windows internals.
But i keep battling crazy dependencies and odd breakages related to desktop software on Linux. Never mind that devs keep reinventing the wheel (how many VFS implementations have Gnome gone through now? 3? 4?).
Sorry, open source never equals free software (most of the time). Though what you said may be true for both.
And some day, we will surely know why free software is better than open source. It's only a matter of time. But by the time, it will be late, and out of control.
Eh, Never. Not even for open source. Once the source is closed, it is no longer open source (and neither free software).
For a software to be open source, the user should have a way to obtain the source code legally (That is, a stolen source code won't make a software open source).
For the software to be free software, the user should have the freedom to (modify and) replace the software with the user's version of the software (of course, source code availability is pre-requisite for this).
Say for example, your router, Android phone, TV, Car, or your espresso machine could be running Linux which is open source. You get the source code of those over the Internet or from the vendor on request. But you may not be allowed to change it. So you are always on the mercy of the vendor if something happen (like the one happening now). They are open source, but they are not free software. (GNU [A]GPLv3 enforces this freedom. Some like it, some don't).
A software can be free or non-free based on where the code is run, not just whether you get the source or not.
This is freedom 1 by free software definition:
The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish.
See https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html for more details.
Open source would be the term for that. Free requires end users to receive source, open just allows you to use the source if you have a copy.
Would you say compiled MIT programs are still "free software" when they don't come with the source code?
What we have is a cultural issue, not a legal issue.
Any company that locks themselves into a specific operating system, and then declines investing to upgrade with each new release is entirely at fault. I can imagine the executives at these companies complaining about how their one-time outsourced application made overseas cannot possibly be migrated. Even if built locally, clearly no money was budgeted to maintain the software or infrastructure. These companies get what is coming to them when their only priority is the current quarter's bottom line, with no planning for how the company will manage to keep operations up and running in the next quarter, let alone the years ahead.
You specifically mention lock-in due to "computer controlled hardware". The idea that companies build the core of their business on hardware that can be controlled with Windows XP but not Windows 7 or Windows 10 is laughable. How is that even possible? The backwards compatibility Microsoft provides means it's nearly impossible for any application to become unusable within a decade - or even longer. The application will need to be maintained with minor changes to make use of modified APIs, or to transition from 32 to 64 bit architecture, etc. - but the amount of work needed is nowhere near infeasible. It only becomes difficult if you spend many years ignoring required upgrades, and then try to perform a single massive upgrade covering half a dozen missed release cycles all at once. Even hardware ports going out of fashion (example: serial ports) is not the end of the world. Compatibility between the latest operating system and old port standards will always be possible, as those that need such things make it happen.
No sympathy for any company still running Windows XP. None whatsoever. It sucks when it's government that is affected, whereby taxpayers' dollars take the hit for the fallout. Still not a shocking, unexpected result. In fact, this is precisely the expected result.
At some point companies need to cough up the money and upgrade their technology.
If Windows XP is proven to be untenably insecure, anyone who bought it should receive a refund.
When I buy Windows, I agree to a warranty of sorts. They agree to supply updates to the software for a set period of time. Afterward, it is on me.
Nobody can write perfect software, it will age and break down. Nobody can engineer a perfect car, it will age and break down. Demanding infinite warranties is ridiculous.
Never. But it would be wrong for Ford to stop others to fix your car by providing no information about the car, which I believe is what Microsoft is doing with their obsolete Software pieces (including OS).
As that is the case here, They (Microsoft/Ford) are just lending you something, you won't ever own it. Would you agree with that?
(I am making no comment on the issue being discussed-- simply that this is a very poor analogy.)
And yes, I do think software can "wear out", not in the same sense as belts get worn and spark plugs physically wear away, but in the sense of threat landscapes changing over time and our understanding of how these systems are used in the world. This is why we do maintenance on our software and systems, much like we perform maintenance on things in our physical world. When you fail to perform this maintenance, bad things happen. Computers get hacked, cars have brakes fail.
Software can indeed age. Go run Windows 95 on the public internet or an early version of Android.
A decade in software engineering is a significant amount of time!
I'm going to be annoyed if my car becomes useless after 10 years because they dont have to patch it after that period. On the other hand though, can we realistically enforce lifetime guarantees? What is a car company goes out of business?
Software does wear out. New languages/frameworks are developed which makes it difficult to patch older stuff. New threats are developed, and it may be impossible to patch older stuff.
When you buy a house you have a whole battery of inspections performed to make sure that you're buying somewhere safe, but over time the small things that got overlooked (like a small crack in a roof joint) or were considered safe at the point of sale become worn, or are discovered to be unsafe (locks susceptible to bumplocking for instance).
It's a tenuous analogy to be sure, but I don't think it's reasonable to think that Microsoft should refund people who bought XP. Are there any Linux distributions that back port all fixes to version 0.1?
Given that MS even made a patch (which is generally equivalent to a recall), I'm not sure that your suggestion will be given that much credence. I mean, if we say that XP is an unsafe product, the government could stop them from selling it and to remove it from the shelves, but MS stopped selling the product in 2008 (nearly 10 years ago) and has repeated urged its customers to stop using it because it is insecure. This is all that the government generally requires in this situation as far as I can tell.
Edit: grammar
In the short term we need everyone to be better net citizens. That includes the businesses using this software to create the trillions of dollars of wealth on the global economy.
Organisations with high value software that relies on XP still receive ongoing support from Microsoft (such as the US Navy and anyone else who wants to pay big bucks for it). The difference is none of these patches usually make it to the public.
For Microsoft to patch this current issue, there would have already been a pre-existing team working on XP patches, the only difference is this one was released publicly due to it's impact.
http://bgr.com/2015/06/24/windows-xp-support-us-navy-million...
Microsoft wants more money and push newer revisions of the same crap instead of actually improving the existing one.
Until win10 that is, win10 is now the only windows version and offers more spying, a worse UI and UX while also including ads.
I agree with the point on the NSA. there were surgeries cancelled in the UK. This materially impacted the lives of our allies. How is that supposed to work?
Luckily we've got a set of level heads running every branch of government these days...
You know what? I'm starting to get excited for the walled garden to get more walls.
Native desktop applications get far too many permissions by default - its crazy that any desktop application, once running can register itself at startup, see all my files (created by any application), register system-wide keyloggers, take screenshots of other applications and download my contacts list, all without my permission. We don't let web apps do that, because web app developers aren't trusted by default. We don't let mobile apps do that, because mobile app developers aren't trusted by default. Why on earth do we implicitly trust any executable file run on the desktop so much?
Telling users not to double click on executables is obviously not working. Even for experienced users I have no idea whether some random app on the internet is trustworthy. Its a reverse lottery. I also suspect ransomware like this one would have been slowed down if it needed explicit user permission to read & modify files on disk.
We even know what the sandbox should look like, because we have two working examples in the form of the web and mobile. And we have sandboxing support & APIs in most operating systems. We're just missing the UI part.
I'm imagining something like:
- All apps get signed by the developer (Lean on SSL? Not sure the chain here.)
- The app needs to request capabilities from the user, like on iOS. "App X by Y developer wants permission to read the files in your home directory". (/ Read your contacts / Register at startup / Take screenshots / Modify these files).
- Capabilities can be viewed and revoked at a system-wide level in the control panel / system preferences.
But when people talk of "walled gardens", they mostly refer to the guardian at the entrance. Only Apple decides what runs on iOS, only Microsoft decides whats in the App Shop. That's NOT good for anyone (except Apple and Microsoft).
Sure, make users jump through hoops to install alternate stores, and warn them up the wazoo when they do that. But do let them, or general purpose computing as we know it is gone.
What the grandparent is suggesting is akin to UAC, which received much hate when it first debuted in Vista but has now become a mostly accepted part of the Windows user experience. It has been done before, and it can be done again, with every Windows app, not just apps from the Microsoft Store.
grandparent was suggesting UAC, but started with:
> You know what? I'm starting to get excited for the walled garden to get more walls.
It is good to have the ability to raise the walls. It is not good for apple and MS to decide what to use their OS for...
But I strongly believe that right now apps get too much access by default (read, write all my files is crazy). And if they need anything beyond that they just ask for root. There needs to be much more granular permissions, with more restrictive defaults and nice informative dialogs.
It's unsexy, and inconvenient for developers. But it's the right thing for our users. It's how I want random programs downloaded from the internet to behave.
Yep. What developer types don't like to admit is that for the average user, who doesn't use the features excluded by the walled garden anyway, the tradeoff is well worth the security gains.
But they are much hated.
Most people wouldn't even know that they are sandboxed.
But we will see for sure with Windows 10S and its optional upgrade to Pro policy.
Do we fine the person who committed the faulty logic, the reviewers, the entire community who "peer reviewed" it?
How many systems where actually compromised in an unrecoverable manner costing thousands or millions, maybe even billions of damage due to any of those Vulnerabilities?
All of them combined to not even come close to the damage that occured over the weekend
Shellshock, heartbleed were a inconvenience for some sysadmins and click bait for the tech press
If I give away "free lemonade", but people get sick because I've made it in dirty conditions, I will not get away just because it's free.
What's your alternative? Are you suggesting we _do_ fine all the OpenSSL contributors? Or that we do not hold anyone except end users responsible for software/hardware security?
I'm not sure metaphors or comparisons between software and lemonade are entirely helpful - although they do push the discussion along, which is at least interesting... (So if I didn't _make_ the lemonade, but published my "4 lemons pulped, 1/2 a cup of sugar, and 2 teaspoons of rat poison" lemonade recipe on github - then you made it and got sick... Who's in the firing line then? What if the README says "this recipe is satire"?)
The point is: the NSA caused this particular problem. Steps should be taken be everyone to ensure something like this doesn't happen ever again.
If Russian government intelligence agency security researchers found that bug first would you say that they have a responsibility to disclose it to Microsoft (notably a United States company)? Would you be surprised if they felt and acted differently?
Yeah, a shitty one. Free? No they're funded by tax payer dollars. I do think we need to argue about priority of responsibilities. Was this exploit used to spy on allies?
Don't know, and unlikely to ever find out. If so, it was likely very targeted to avoid detection on modern systems. Was it ever used to spy on Iran's nuclear enrichment program?
> I do think we need to argue about priority of responsibilities.
Ok. What responsibilities does a US government agency have to disclose vulnerabilities? Should they be required to disclose all vulnerabilities found in software and equipment from US companies? Since a lot of that technology is used around the world, are you on with the corollary of it being harder for the US to spy on anyone using modern equipment?
How about disclosing problems found in tech products used by US companies? Should the NSA do that as well to keep those companies safe?
The US provides a fair amount of funding to organizations focused on finding and responsibly disclosing security problems, notably CERT[1] and US-CERT [2]. The NSA is a completely separate thing.
1: http://cert.org/about/ 2: https://www.us-cert.gov/
Edit: removed snark
I assume you know nothing about software with flippant comments like this.
Completely securing software is an incredibly difficult thing to do and merely throwing resources isn't going to change that. It is just as likely to affect well designed software as it is poorly designed. Especially given that all of us rely heavily on third party libraries and underlying infrastructure.
This is an absurdly naive viewpoint. How are they responsible? What is their responsibility? How is it their responsibility when a state-funded group/actor targets their software and finds an exploit?
At some point you have to realize that 0days will always exist. It is an impossible task to expect software developers to ship perfect software.
Microsoft is responsible for their shit software getting exploited first and foremost. Seriously fine Microsoft and by day after tomorrow that 3500 security engineer number will jump to something realistic.
Instead what will happen is more tightening of the walled garden, overcharging of support/security contracts and propping up of another billionaire or two. I can hear the whisky glasses clinking.
Corporations do not get to set the agenda and the narrative. When they are allowed to, the results are very predictable - in this case Microsoft will make more than they loose. Who here disagrees that is going to happen? And who here believes that is right?
The answer is simple whether its Microsoft today or Facebook and Google tomorrow win-win should not be an option when such things happen.