There are other tools your team need as well: git, nvm, rvm, awscli, terraform, kubectl, etc. Vagrant helps with pre-installing all of that, whereas docker is mostly for running specific containers.

Well, why not put those in docker too? The container you develop locally with doesn't have to be the same one that eventually ends up in production.

Here's a little demo designed for editing+testing a PHP library even if your local machine doesn't have anything more than Bash, Docker, and a text editor.

https://github.com/DHager/docker-php-library-demo

I'm not in devops so I probably shouldn't give advice. I'm just thinking of the time I had to help with a Wordpress plugin and it was pretty easy using Docker. The company I contract with uses Docker in production and they are a very well known host so I would imagine you would have all the tools you would need but I don't know specifics.

Put those tools in docker containers and replace original command with alias for docker run 'command'.