Once you work in manufacturing you realize that components are actually very expensive, not a $10 joke.
In the case of a refrigerator, the manufacturer undersized the motor, probably to meet some efficiency standard. The previous years model had an adequate motor, which worked much better.
I've also seen cases (Whirlpool refrigerators) where they included a rubber nipple that was too narrow, and would either freeze up and clog with biofilm. End result was icing of the condenser and evaporator. (Here's a description of the problem: https://partsdr.com/blog/w10619951-updated-drain-tube-fix-ki... )
Then of course, you have Beatz headphones, which really are the next best thing to a scam.
Meanwhile my cheap apartment-scale fridge was made with chewing gum and hope.
http://aceee.org/blog/2014/09/how-your-refrigerator-has-kept...
For refrigerators at least, it doesn't make sense to make them robust enough to last more than 10-15 years since it's worth it to replace them over that time period. My understanding is the vast majority of refrigerators are then recycled. All those metals are valuable.
And all those refrigerants need to be collected to prevent release to the atmosphere.
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18176916/ns/business-consumer_news...
The difference between a top 1% appliance and an average appliance is probably less than $10 of materials and $5 in labor.