Visa and MasterCard have been working in Russia for years, apparently unmolested judging from their joint market share. Now they are being turned into weapons by US politicians .... again. This is a huge, massive trend in US politics: seizing control of power points in the financial system and squeezing them as part of proxy wars against people, countries or classes of businesses they don't like (see Operation Choke Point).
As someone in Europe, I don't see this as Russia becoming communist. I see it as Putin standing up for his country and I wish the EU would do the same, instead of allowing SWIFT to be turned into a tool of the US Treasury.
Putin is abusing his power changing the constitution so he can prop his regime up, crushing his opposition, jailing journalist, spreading propaganda, significant restrictions on free speech, implementing extreme protectionist measures in business and culture, illegal invasions, doing business with the worst violators of human rights. It is so sad that the Russians who want to do best for their nation are not able to speak their mind for fear of jail or death.
Russia is an extremely ignorant and backwards country, from my view. Just a few days ago people held rallies in Red Square for May Day (http://spectrumhr.org/?p=1972). There was lots of racism (sign calling Obama a black monkey), ignorance, misogyny (sign denouncing feminist), praising a rapist sociopath (http://www.suomensotilas.fi/en/artikkelit/change-game), honoring corrupt mass murders, etc.
The only thing Putin stands to fulfill is power and ego.
Geopolitically, Russia is trying to establish an "alternative" to the US/EU-centric global economy that's basically a free-market version of the Soviet Union. That way they can use their military and intelligence services to pressure their neighbors (Ukraine and others) into participating in this alternate economy where the money flows through Russia instead of the US and EU.
Combine the two and you can see their ambitions: Putin and his allies just want to get rich. And if you live in Russia, they can throw you in jail for pretty much no reason, so I wouldn't mess with them.
"The law on a national payment system, which seeks to guarantee uninterrupted service of payments in Russia by foreign payment systems and prevent them from cutting services to Russian clients, as Visa and MasterCard did in response to U.S. sanctions in March."
Visa and MasterCard cut their local intra-Russian services "because of the U.S: sanctions"(!) Note that both these named Visa and MasterCard aren't "American Visa and MasterCard." The ones operating in Russia had to be registered as Russian companies to provide the services at all. So it's Russian companies (they are daughter companies, but legally independent except for brand, initial investments, connecting to the international infrastructure etc) cutting their own services to Russians because of the external political influences.
It's totally reasonable to adjust the laws to make it harder for such Russian companies to do such things in Russia.
When I combine the two I see a Putin who wants freedom from the dependance on a globalized economy that is largely run by western powers. I doubt Putins end goal has anything to do with "just" getting rich.
"cutting services to Russian clients (...) in response to U.S. sanctions in March."
So it's the opposite of your claim 1). The answer to your claim 2) is that the given money amounts "equivalent to the value of two days of (their) transactions processed in Russia."
Your claim 3) is confusing. Visa and MasterCard are already de-facto standard: they "together service about 90 percent of payments in Russia."
(all quotes from the article)
"The law also creates the basis for a new Russian national payment system that hopes to compete with the two U.S. companies."
This seems to achieve several goals at once:
1) Highlight that foreign payment processors are unreliable for Russians.
2) Either edge them out of the market or get a crap-ton of 'insurance' money. I wonder if the companies can even pay this money, according to U.S. authorities?
3) Keep the profit from becoming the de facto payment standard for Russians.
If the new payment companies are making money for Putin's government I would not bet against them, using bitcoins or anything else.