The Visa and MasterCard named in the article must be Russian-based Visa and the Russian-based MasterCard. They operate under the Russian laws, pay Russian taxes, otherwise wouldn't be able to operate there. They made themselves unreliable by, per article:

"cutting services to Russian clients (...) in response to U.S. sanctions in March."

So it's the opposite of your claim 1). The answer to your claim 2) is that the given money amounts "equivalent to the value of two days of (their) transactions processed in Russia."

Your claim 3) is confusing. Visa and MasterCard are already de-facto standard: they "together service about 90 percent of payments in Russia."

(all quotes from the article)