Those are the Five Eyes countries: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Eyes

Good catch -- and really, I find it to be quite foreboding in terms of how indomitable it is precisely because of the secrecy of the program.

"This was a secret treaty, allegedly so secret that it was kept secret from the Australian Prime Ministers until 1973."

This is indeed a trend, and I speculate that NSA (and NSA-like entities in the other 4 eyes/countries) probably communicate information and abilities to prime ministers and presidents of the respective countries very selectively.

Not GER, it's GBR as in Great Britain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement

Bonus: The NSA likely can get around the "no spying on US citizens" by just requesting data from those governments, who proceed to pull it out of the NSA's web interface.

I'm pretty sure that's actually GBR - Great Britain.

It definitely is; look at the actual (hi-res) presentation: http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jul/31/nsa...

That's COMINT, or Communications Intelligence, basically the type of intelligence that XKeyscore is part of. It might say HUMINT if the intelligence was collected from human sources.

REL TO likely means release to.

As I've said before, the realisation that most countries do this sort of thing comes as no surprise.