Robert Sheckley's 1953 story Watchbird[0] is about a networked AI drone system intended to prevent murders that gets out of hand when it slowly starts expanding the scope of its original mission - by the end they're preventing surgeries because scalpels do technically hurt the patient. The "solution" humans come up with shows they learned absolutely nothing from the experience.

I doubt that was the first such story.

[0]: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29579/29579-h/29579-h.htm