In a game engine, you probably aren't recreating every game object from frame to frame. But in a compiler, you're creating new objects for every file you parse. That's a huge amount of work for the GC.
Basically I'd be interested to know what the bottlenecks in tsc are, whether there's much low-hanging fruit, and if not why not.
So this might be a very different performance profile.
*edit* I had initially written "single-pass", but in the context of a compiler, that's ambiguous.
In a situation like a game engine I think 1.5x is reasonable, but TS has a huge amount of polymorphic data reading that defeats a lot of the optimizations in JS engines that get you to monomorphic property access speeds. If JS engines were better at monomorphizing access to common subtypes across different map shapes maybe it'd be closer, but no engine has implemented that or seems to have much appetite for doing so.
I really wish JS VMs would invest in this. The DOM is full of large inheritance hierarchies, with lots of subtypes, so a lot of DOM code is megamorphic. You can do tricks like tearing off methods from Element to use as functions, instead of virtual methods as usual, but that quite a pain.
Also for command-line tools, the JIT warmup time can be pretty significant, adding a lot to overall command-to-result latency (and in some cases even wiping out the JIT performance entirely!)
None of these things say "this is a good way to build a large compiler suite that we're building for performance".
(disclaimer: I am a biased Go fan)
A few things mentioned in an interview:
Cannot build native binaries from TypeScript
Cannot as easily take advantage of concurrency in TypeScript
Writing fast TypeScript requires you to write things in a way that isn't 'normal' idiomatic TypeScript. Easier to onboard new people onto a more idiomatic codebase.
- C++ with thousands of tiny objects and virtual function calls? - JavaScript where data is stored in large Int32Array and does operations on it like a VM?
If you know anything about how JavaScript works, you know there is a lot of costly and challenging resource management.
JS is 10x-100x slower than native languages (C++, Go, Rust, etc) if you write the code normally (i.e. don't go down the road of uglifying your JS code to the point where it's dramatically less pleasant to work with than the C++ code you're comparing to).
It's kind of annoying how even someone like Hejlsberg is throwing around words like "native" in such an ambiguous, sloppy, and prone-to-be-misleading way on a project like this.
"C++" isn't native. The object code that it gets compiled to, large parts of which are in the machine's native language, is.
Likewise "TypeScript" isn't non-native in any way that doesn't apply to any other language. The fact that tsc emits JS instead of the machine's native language is what makes TypeScript programs (like tsc itself) comparatively slow.
It's the compilers that are the important here, not the languages. (The fact that the TypeScript team was committed to making sure the typescript-go compiler is the same (nearly line-for-line equivalent) to the production version of the TypeScript compiler written in itself really highlights this.)
Just going from ESLint to Biome is more than a 10x improvement... it's not just 1.5x because it's not just the runtime logic at play for build tools.
In JavaScript, you can't even put 8M keys in a Hashmap; inserts take > 1 second per element:
[1] https://www.construct.net/en