And be a lot more efficient (e.g. DeepSeek-V3) [1] about it...

[1] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.19437v1

How is China training models without access to cutting edge GPUs?

They have access to cutting edge GPUs via rentals:

https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/bytedance-plans-to-s...

They're being more efficient about it by the looks of things, rather than brute-forcing things...

https://x.com/karpathy/status/1872362712958906460

The same way drug users access illegal drugs.

Pretty easily, it turns out?

very carefully

- using non-cutting edge GPUs (just more of them)

- creating more efficient models such as MoE based DeepSeek

- getting their hands on cutting edge GPUs all the same

I think it was Dylan Patel (from semianalysis) on Dwarkesh that mentioned one scam is for a Chinese source to arrange for a SOTA NVidia cluster to be bought/installed in some non-embargoed country, then dismantled and shipped to China.

Yep, including HarmonyOS NEXT.

It is not open source.

"HarmonyOS NEXT (Chinese: 鸿蒙星河版; pinyin: Hóngméng Xīnghébǎn) is a proprietary distributed operating system and a major iteration of HarmonyOS, developed by Huawei to support only HarmonyOS native apps."

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT

HarmonyOS NEXT is based on an open source core, OpenHarmony [0], with proprietary additions.

So, not hugely dissimilar from iOS (lots of bits of which are open source, most significantly the core of its XNU kernel) and Android (considering that the proprietary Google Mobile Services is de facto a mandatory component)

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenHarmony

The Taco Bell kiosk and your exercise bike don't need the "mandatory" GMS.

I am speculating it will become open source. or at least supplant Android's role in the global smartphone ecosystem.

Haven't you heard? Open Source now means whatever businesses want it to mean so long as it gets eyeballs or free labor :-(

No not really. The totalitarian police state which puts more people in concentration camps than the Nazis ever did and their shitty social credit system. Fuck them.