They are https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors

The hint is the -mab naming.

-ab means it's an antibody. There are many kinds of antibodies, not just to those two proteins.

And -mab means monoclonal antibody. But your point still stands, there is a huge number of -mab drugs out there today.

It's a really great technology, and not just for drugs. It deservedly won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984.

checkpoint inhibitors are antibodies

For reference, dostarlimab (JEMPERLI) is essentially GSK's answer to Merck's pembrolizumab and BMS's nivolumab. Or KEYTRUDA and OPDIVO, respectively, if you're in the USA and bombarded with pharma ads. All three are monoclonal antibodies that block PD-1 on T cells, thereby stimulating the body's immune system.

i wouldn't refer to it an an immunostimulant. it prevents tumors from hiding.

Immunostimulant is a reasonable way to put it: it takes the brakes off one part of the immune system. (Similarly, we call caffeine a central nervous system stimulant and it works by blocking adenosine, which is one of the brakes on brain activity.)

And it's not always specific to tumours. My wife's thyroid got wiped out. The endocrinologist said it was like bombing a paint factory: first a massive spike in thyroid hormones, then a crash as no more were produced.

More info on the potential side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunoth...

sorry about your wife. an immunostimulant is more about enraging/activating the immune system, not intervening with its capabilities

If you're trying to say that immunostimulant is a term of art distinct from immune checkpoint inhibitor, then fair point.

But what it seems like you're saying is checkpoint inhibitors don't "enrage/activate" the immune system, and they only target tumours, and both points are misleading if not outright wrong.

Yes, it's a different term and entirely separate category of drugs.

Checkpoint inhibitors cut the brakes. This reduces their ability to detect "self," and attack blindly.

What they don't do is poke immune cells with a stick to anger them like chemoattractants and cytokines. This approach can be used to signal, "hey, the tumor is over here." Causing them to attack more intelligently.

If you would like to learn more, I would recommend the books: (a) molecular biology of cancer; mechanisms, targets, and therapeutics, and (b) handbook of therapeutic biomarkers in cancer.

Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapies. The checkpoints they're inhibiting are immune checkpoints.