As already said, going for a walk was very difficult. Social interactions were very difficult and they can still be difficult when medication wears off in the evening. In general, all my life I wanted to do all kind of stuff, but couldn't. There's nothing society can do about that. It's not all about work either. So, to answer your question: Yes, I still would be anxious and depressed, because I was not able to do what made me relief stress and feel good in general.
I could've learned to be totally fine with ADHD, I was just too stubborn to build my life around that disorder. I kept doing what I wanted to do, not what I could do. I bet your father could've been a perfectly fine sports instructor or carpenter or find another fitting job. I certainly could've, but it luckily never slipped my mind. So we wouldn't need to adapt society, just teach people better what they can and cannot do. That's also much more realistic than "make jobs easier". I don't think, anyone should build his or her life around that disorder and I don't think society should. I did learn how to deal with it though and society should as well, of course. As often, it comes down to balance. A simpler life would've helped definetely.
I oppose your perspective in particular because it's mostly shared by people who deny that ADHD is a disorder, which is just wrong and terrible to think for many that are affacted.
However, what you describe feels to me like validation of my point, not a contradiction. Undiagnosed ADHD overwhelmingly becomes manifest in times exactly like what you describe—you were working on a PhD! You were overwhelmed by Excel. You hated repetitive tasks. COVID lockdowns were impossible for you.
The depression and anxiety associated with ADHD are not inherent to the ADHD traits, they're the result of feeling incapable to cope with the modern world. All of the things that you described as overwhelming are accidental complexity that we can and should get rid of. Being a great researcher shouldn't require all of the overhead that we impose on modern PhD candidates. Just living in the modern world shouldn't require all that overwhelming bookkeeping—as just one example, taxes and bills can be and should be mostly automated, but they're not. If you didn't have to keep track of a million tiny things in your life, would you have been anxious and depressed?
Again, in the present reality medication is hugely important for a lot of people like you. But that doesn't mean that the world shouldn't also change to not require keeping track of so many things that add so little value.