I don't think this logic applies to software development in general and algorithms in particular.
When you need to roll out a b-tree from scratch, just crack open a book and read up. The worst thing it can happen is that somr acceptance test fails and you roll back a change. That is hardly a life-or-death scenario.
The word "soft" in "software" has meaning.
How would you know you need to use (or implement) a B-Tree in your solution VS some other data structure?
I also don’t understand the career claim. How does that work?
The pilots that don’t remember these things when they’re needed are dead.
Will they? Or do you just like the idea of a world where that is true?
Programming is (almost) never life or death and honestly is rarely even in the same ballpark.
Most people don’t need (or want) to do exceptional work.
However, a small anecdote. I recently obtained my pilots license, and one of the things you'll quickly learn in aviation is that there is a massive amount of information that you are required to learn that you will almost certainly never need, except possibly for that one moment in 1000 hours of flying when something happens in the air, and you simply can't pull over to the side of the road.
Developers who have an understanding of the how -and- why when they are required to solve a problem vs just plugging a library in will have a much better career developing solutions and leading teams that do exceptional work. Back to my anecdote about aviation, understanding the "how -and- why" could mean life or death.