Anecdote: I rode the BART/MUNI every day in San Francisco to work for over 10 years. When I moved to the suburbs, I would drive to the BART and then take BART in, rather than take the bus to BART. What I noticed was whenever I had a bus transfer, the wait time and frustration would increase substantially. Buses were less reliable and trying to catch a connection was stressful. Driving enabled me to avoid those frustrating transfers by going to the most direct route on my own accord.
You grade subway as less depressing than bus and car? In which one of these transportation means are you stuck in a dark tunnel?
I'd rather do a 45 minute commute via a clean air conditioned train with few and well behaved passengers than a 30 minute one on a crowded dirty bus.
Few? If you are commuting you will be doing so in the same drove as all the others that are trying to reach the office space within the same window of a select few hours. And, probably the same when you return. Few is not an option.
As to well behaved, well... we all live in more or less mixed cultural groups these days thanks to i18n, expats, immigration, and travel and stuff... "one man's meat is another mans poison..." ... don't even get me started on the joys of smartphones - other peoples' smartphones...
Added:
With trains there is also the specific issue that your nominated 30 minute one-way commute will at random intervals be of much longer duration, possibly hours (most of these spent idle, waiting for something out of your control). And, the fact that you will not know this in advance. I have no knowledge of any train system anywhere in the world where this does not hold, but I would love to be enlightened.
> Finally, data on transportation modes—such as car, public transit, and walking—are not available in the KWCS database. Different transportation modes may lead to different physical and mental health effects (White and Rotton, 1998).
That seems like a big understatement. I expect in roughly increasing order of depression, or decreasing order of satisfaction:
walking, biking, train, subway, bus, car