> At least accordingly to myth

And a lot of archaeological evidence!

> Carthage was colonized from Tyre, which is today in Lebanon.

It was founded by Phoenicians [0], whose land today largely coincides with modern-day Lebanon, which as a self-governing state is a relatively modern construct (post WW1).

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia

Phoenicians didn't call themselves phoenicians either.

And then there are the Sea Peoples

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Peoples

I feel like most believable group for the sea peoples were migrants who had to leave their lands because the food supply had collapsed. Wasn't it the salinity had increased in deserts or something similar to that?

Actually, a self-governing Lebanon existed in one form or another since at least the 16th century: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Emirate

Just a reminder that the distinction between Lebanon and Syria is quite recent - due to the breakup of the Ottoman empire. There more well-known named region historically is A-Shaam in Arabic, Syria often in English:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_(region)

It includes Lebanon, parts of northern Palestine, South-eastern Turkey, and (northern?) Jordan. And maybe a bit more.

There was an autonomous Lebanon of one form of another since at least the 16th century, though. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Emirate

+1, but readers should also note that:

* It included large areas which are outside and to the North of present-day Lebanon, and

* It was still part of "Ottoman Syria": https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Syria , which was kind of a maximum version of what's described in my previous link