My FOSS desktop editor, KeenWrite[1], converts Markdown to XHTML, XHTML into TeX, then TeX into PDF. Users may drop into TeX itself for math, if needed. Behind the scenes, KeenWrite passes the document to ConTeXt along with a theme.[2] The theme abstracts away most of the complexities of TeX.
There isn't a resume theme, yet, though there are some available for ConTeXt that would be tempting to abstract.[3]
LyX, like LaTeX, doesn't force a separation of content from presentation. KeenWrite is focused on Markdown, with PDFs being a transformation of plain text. For more control over the output, KeenWrite adopts pandoc-style annotations. The selected theme can style the annotations as desired.
If you start from one of their templates it’s probably approachable. At least within the scientific world I’ve found overleaf makes it more approachable for students and even experienced people appreciate the value add of the collaborative features.
I have been working on and off on a fork of LaTeX with real-time feedback: you can see the document and error messages rendered and updated live. It also supports SyncTeX (going from a source line to the corresponding output and vice-versa).
I added vim support recently, you can see it in action there: https://github.com/let-def/texpresso.vim There is also emacs support in the main repo (https://github.com/let-def/texpresso). That's all quite experimental, but I hope to do a first release next year. It should work on most unix, I test with Linux and macOS.
I use the commandline binary, you could use the website as well.
With regards typst, I will consider it when there is any kind of accessible output -- at the moment it only seems to make PDFs, and those PDFs are entirely inaccessible by blind people.
You can annotate a PDF with the raw actual text, which is then used by screen readers, but typst (and LaTeX currently) don't do this. It certainly isn't trivial to do, but it would be useful.
The other option would of course be to produce HTML, which (unless you do horrible things) is generally very accessible, but neither typst or LaTeX do this well (LaTeX does it OK, but I find I usually need to clean up the result).
As someone not as interested in committing fully to LaTeX — but wanting a similar outcome — I found that I could achieve a pretty but easy to edit resume with Markdown and rendered via Pandoc because Pandoc supports LaTeX (among many other formats).
Here is a great GitHub repo that helped me get started: https://github.com/mszep/pandoc_resume
I would love to hear of other low(er) barrier-to-entry ways to use LaTeX, because it’s a pretty steep commitment for someone who isn’t a professional writer.