https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thule_Site_J#RCA_operations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alar...
Post-collapse Russia also came close one time because someone lost the paperwork: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_rocket_incident
And using movie plots as a basis generally doesn't directly work as fiction has to make sense to sell whereas reality has no requirement of making sense to people. The reality we live in this day is mostly driven by people for people (though many would say by corporations for corporations) and therefore things still make sense to us people. When and if an intellect matches or exceeds that of humans it can easily imagine situations where 'the algorithm' does things humans don't comprehend, but because we make more (whatever) we keep giving it more power to do its job in an autonomous fashion. It is not difficult to end up in a situation where you have a system that is not well understood by anyone and you end up cargo culting it to hope it continues working into the future.
In fact, this is a perfect description of what the market economy itself is right now.
This sounds more like a plot of a third-grade movie than something that could happen in reality.