This looks very fishy to me. The publishing CERES Institute is just three people who are not associated with any major research institution (and two of them appear to be father and son). In their About section, they state:

"In recent years, the scientific community appears to have prioritized defining a 'scientific consensus' [...]. We believe this obsession with 'forming a consensus' contradicts the ethos of true scientific inquiry and open-ended scientific research."

So, to me, this looks less like a real scientific study but like some people who just want to prove climate science wrong.

And, yes, like @rini17 writes: We do track temperature with satellites mostly. And not just since yesterday.

MDPI is also not exactly a reputable publisher, I wouldn't assign much value to "peer-reviewed" in this case. Not that it's entirely reliable for reputable journals either, but this looks like the kind of journal you'd choose if you don't want too much scrutiny in peer review.

No mention of ocean/sea temperature rise in this paper?

You're going to have a hard time convincing penguins of that.

Predictably there will be near to zero interest in the arguments put forward by the eighteen authors in Climate and additionally in a paper in *Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics".

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/acf18e Accepted Manuscript online 17 August 2023

This new study suggests that urban warming might account for up to 40% of the warming since 1850. IPCC goes for 10%.

We are measuring temperatures with satellites too...

Let's just say it out loud, so the children can hear:

Dr. Willie Soon is a fraud in the bag for the oil industry.