It's not the only tool available though. You could also use other tools like coercion, intimidation, violence, negotiation, etc. to also arrive at a single conclusion. ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯
Since we're talking about things that happened inside my own head, how can I know whether I actually experienced a certain period of time, or only created a memory of having experienced that time? My own recollection of it may be flawed, so it logically follows that in order to know for sure, I have to find some way to objectively quantify it. I don't know how I'd objectively quantify the number of thoughts I'm having, though, lol.
It's funny. You distrust your eyes but trust your thoughts.
Well no, it is not. If you spot an UFO, chances are your "first-hand observation" is lying to you.
Humans are TERRIBLE at knowing reality. That's like the whole point of the scientific process. People's self reports are literally the worst evidence ever used in science, and you have to actively work against your subjects and their brains to tease any actual signal out of that noise.
Consider for example, many airplane accidents have people reporting the plane was hit by a missile, even though we can have independent evidence that they weren't even looking in the direction until after the event.
We KNOW the brain lies to you as a matter of course, and makes up pretty much everything it can for the purpose of being lazy. Your entire consciousness is a fiction, vulnerable to all the normal human biases. We KNOW it is incredibly easy to mangle, twist, modify, and combine memories, and that pretty much everyone has memories that don't match reality.
You see how that is rather inconsistent.
How about this instead.
We can offer, in addition to our observation, the method by which we arrived at the observation. The method of our "experiment".
We might also compare our observation with that of our "peers".
(And we might also cultivate ourselves, to make better observations. If you think such a thing is possible)
But however you slice it, the validity of the observation stands upon the authority of the observer. There's no getting around that.
I swear, you people turn science into a religious ritual.
First-hand observation (which we have here) is the gold standard for knowledge-derivation. Science is just a method for ensuring that our models hew close to that.
What you assert here is mere convention.